Diarrhoea as a Burden: An Effective Treatment with Homoeopathy

Diarrhoea as a Burden: An Effective Treatment with Homoeopathy

Abstract: Diarrhoea can manifest as a mild, self-limiting illness to a potentially life-threatening  condition. This is a significant global health burden, affecting more than 1 million people  annually. Conventional treatment aims to minimize symptom severity by employing large  doses of drugs whereas homoeopathy’s gentle, low-dose, holistic approach restores the  body’s disrupted harmony by stimulating the body’s inherent curative abilities using  minimum doses.  

Keywords: Diarrhoea, Etiology, Type, Symptoms, Homoeopathy treatment, Repertorial  approach. 

Introduction 

The term ‘diarrhoea’ has varying interpretations across individuals, often characterized by  excessive bowel movements or reduced solidity of stool. Typically, bowel habits range from  three daily movements to one movement every three days. However, there are certain  conditions that are usually marked with the frequent defecation, for instance, in IBS there is increased stool frequency commonly accompanied by rectal urgency, tenesmus. Similarly, in  neuromuscular disorder or in structurally anorectal abnormality, there is loss of bowel  control, leading to increased defecation. These conditions require distinct diagnostic and  therapeutic strategies, setting them apart from diarrhoea.  

Types 

Diarrhoea may be categorized into three types on the basis of duration:

  1. Acute diarrhoea: Diarrhoea persisting less than 2 weeks in duration. 
  2. Persistent diarrhoea: Diarrhoea persisting between 2-4 weeks in duration. 
  3. Chronic diarrhoea: Diarrhoea persisting more than 2 weeks in duration.

Etiology 

Etiology is based on the types of diarrhoea: 

Acute Diarrhoea: Acute diarrhoea is mostly infectious in origin (90%).  

Common infections that lead to diarrhoea are as follows: 

(i) Bacteria: Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella enteritidis, C. difficile, E.Coli, etc. 

(ii) Virus: Astrovirus, Rotavirus, Norovirus etc. 

(iii) Parasites: Giardia, E-histolytica, etc. 

Certain conditions such as intestinal ischemia, faecal impaction, poorly absorbed sugars  (fructose, sorbitol) and including medications, antibiotics, antihypertensive, antidepressants,  NSAIDS etc, accounts for remaining 10% of diarrhoea. 

Chronic Diarrhoea 

Chronic diarrhoea is due to underlying intestinal or various other factors as follows: 1. Bowels: Inflammatory bowel disease, Neoplasia. 

  1. Malabsorption: Chronic pancreatitis, Carcinoma of pancreas, Cystic fibrosis, Coeliac  disease, Tropical sprue. 
  2. Endocrine disorders: Diabetes mellitus, Hyperthyroidism, Hypo-adrenalism. 
  3. Faecal incontinence: Neuropathic autonomic dysfunction, Anorectal reconstructive surgery,  Iatrogenic anal sphincter dysfunction. 
  4. Dietary factors: Excess consumption of fructose, sorbitol, caffeine. 
  5. Lactose intolerance. 

Diarrhoea – A Burden to Population, Why? 

Globally, the incidence of diarrhoea exceeds 1 billion cases annually. This accounts for the  second-highest number of deaths in children under 5, with 1.9 million mortality per annum.  Additionally, the elderly population in the US experiences significant diarrhoea-related  mortality, with approximately 5,000 deaths per year. Furthermore, it significantly disrupts  daily life, diminishing work productivity and imposing a significant economic burden on  individuals and on societies, estimated to exceed $20 billion.

Symptoms 

  1. Urgency of defecation 
  2. Weight loss 
  3. Abdominal cramps and distension 
  4. Fever 
  5. Chills 
  6. Malaise 

Signs 

  1. Abdominal tenderness 
  2. Abdominal bruit 
  3. Doughy feeling of abdomen. 

Complications 

  1. Dehydration 
  2. Hypovolemic shock 
  3. Multi-organ failure (kidney, liver, or heart) 
  4. Septicemia 

Investigations 

Most cases of acute diarrhoea resolve without any tests or treatment. However, in chronic  diarrhoea certain tests should be performed which are as follows: 

  1. A full blood count: A low blood count may suggest malnutrition, bleeding ulcerations. 
  2. Liver function test: These tests can determine the underlying cause of diarrhoea. 
  1. Hydrogen breath test: These tests will identify lactose or fructose intolerance and bacterial  overgrowth. 
  2. Tests for malabsorption: These tests determine the body’s ability to absorb essential  nutrients like calcium, vitamin B12, and folate. 
  3. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein: Increased values may suggest IBD. 
  4. Tests for antibodies: These evaluations diagnose gluten intolerance.
  1. Stools test: Screens for gastrointestinal pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and  parasites. 
  2. Endoscopy: Assess the upper and lower GI tract for tumors or other structural anomalies. 

Prophylaxis 

  1. Access to clean and safe drinking water. 
  2. Improved sanitation. 
  3. Maintain good hand hygiene by frequent handwashing with soap. 
  4. Maintain personal and food hygiene. 
  5. Fly control. 
  6. Healthcare education and understanding how infections spread. 

In Children: 

  1. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. 
  2. Rotavirus vaccination. 

Homoepathic Treatment 

  1. Arsencic Album: Yellowish, black, offensive, watery and bloody stool. Very offensive,  smelling like carrion. Pain and corrosive followed by great prostration. Worse at night, after  eating and drinking, after taking cold. 
  1. Phosphorus: Painless, hot, fetid (sour-smelling) diarrhoea. Copious, debilitating. White,  yellow, green watery stool with undigested particles. Involuntary at least motion. Passing on  with the force. Pouring out as from a hydrant. Morning diarrhoea of old people. As soon as  anything enters the rectum, diarrhoea commences. Worse in the morning, lying on the left  side, after eating or nursing, warm food, during pregnancy, during cholera time. 
  1. Podophyllum: Profuse, frequent, gushing, painless, watery stools. Verry offensive  diarrhoea. Yellow, mucous stool Involuntary during sleep and when passing flatus. Chalk like, jelly-like, yellow-meal-like sediment. Prolapse of anus with stool. Loud gurgling in  abdomen with griping colic before stool. Worse early in the morning, during dentition, during  summer.  
  1. 4. Sulphur: Involuntary and painless diarrhoea with much urging. Driving out of bed early  in the morning. The stool contains undigested food particles. Whitish, greenish, very much  offensive and acrid. Redness of anal orifice with stool. Sudden expulsion of stool. Worse in 

the morning, after midnight, after taking milk, after suppressed eruptions, after ale or beer,  from artificial food, during sleep. 

  1. Croton Tiglium: Constant urging to stool followed by sudden evacuation. Yellow  watery, brownish-green, undigested. Profuse, frequent, small stools coming out like a shot.  Worse after drinking, while nursing, while eating, at every movement, from fruit and  sweetmeats. 
  1. Thuja Occidentalis: Copious, pale yellow, watery stool. Forceful expulsion with  much flatus. Gurgling like water from a bung-hole. Periodically returning in the morning.  Worse after breakfast, fat food, vaccination, onions, early morning. 
  1. Aloe Socotrina: Painful, watery, yellowish, jelly-like mucus in stool. Scanty stool.  Immediately after eating and drinking, an urge is felt and the patient has to hurry himself to the closet. Involuntary while expelling flatus or urine, when walking, standing. Worse in hot  damp weather, after acids (vinegar), early in the morning from 5 to 10 a.m. 
  1. Psorinum: Watery, copious, dark brown, very much fetid, smell like carrion. Sudden and  involuntary. Worse at night from 1 to 4 a.m., during dentition, after severe acute disease. 
  1. 9. Argentum Nitricum: Green mucus like chopped spinach in flakes. Turning green after  remaining in the diaper. Sour, like rotten-eggs smelling stools. Worse after eating, after drinking,  candy or sugar, after weaning, after bread, during dentition, from exalted imagination.  Emission of much noisy flatus.  
  1. Aethusa Cynapium: Bilious, light yellow and greenish watery stools with green  mucous. Profuse, undigested, inodorous stool. Stool commences shortly after a meal or at  night. Worse in the morning, in children, in summer, during dentition.  

Repertorial Approach: 

Some rubrics related to diarrhoea from few repertories: 

  1. Homoeopathic Repertory of Materia Medica: Dr. J.T. Kent

Chapter: Stool

ACRID, corrosive, excoriating : Acon., aloe., alum., am-c., ant-c., arn., ars-i., Ars., bapt., bar-c., bry.,  calc., canth., carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., cham., chin., colch., coloc., colos., dulc., ferr-ar., ferr p., ferr., gamb., graph., hep., hydr., ign., Iris., kali-ar., kali-c., kali-p., kali-s., kreos., lach., lept., merc c., Merc., mur-ac., Nat-m., nit-ac., nux-v., phos., plan., podo., Puls., rheum., sabin.,  sars., staph., sulph., syph., tub., Verat. 

COPIOUS: Acet-ac., aeth., aloe., alumn., am-m., ang., ant-c., ant-t., apis., apoc., arg-n., arn., ars-h.,  ars-i., Ars., asaf., aur., Bapt., benz-ac., berb., bry., cact., cahin., calc-p., calc., Camph., canth., Carb v., cench., chel., chin-a., Chin., cimic., cob., coc-c., coff., colch., coll., coloc., colos., con., cop.,  corn., Crot-t., cub., cupr., cycl., dios., dulc., Elat., ferr-ar., ferr., Gamb., glon.,  gnaph., gran., grat., guar., hep., hydr., ign., iod., ip., Iris., jal., jatr., kali-ar., kali-bi., kali-c., kali chl., kali-p., kreos., lach., lept., lil-t., lyc., lyss., mag-c., med., merc-c., merc-i-f., merc-i r., merc., mez., mosch., Mur-ac., nat-a., nat-m., Nat-s., nux-m., Olnd., ox-ac., petr., Ph-ac., Phos.,  phyt., pic-ac., plb., Podo., psor., ran-b., raph., rhus-t., rumx., Sec., senec., sep., sil., stry., sul ac., sulph., tab., tarax., tarent., ter., thuj., verat-v., Verat., vib., zinc. 

night: Chel., chin., Crot-t., graph., ign., ox-ac., plb., sulph., verat-v. 

which does not exhaust: Ph-ac. 

FORCIBLE, sudden, gushing : Ail., apis., apoc., aran., arg-n., arn., ars., bar-c., calc-p., canth.,  cench., cic., cist., cob., colch., crot-h., Crot-t., cupr., cycl., dulc., Elat., ferr., gamb., Grat.,  iod., iris., jal., Jatr., kali-bi., lac-c., lach., lyc., lycps., mag-m., merc., naja., Nat-c., Nat-m., nat s., nicc., ox-ac., petr., phos., plat., Podo., puls., ran-b., raph., rhus-t., Sec.,  

seneg., sep., sil., sulph., tab., thuj., trom., Verat. 

FREQUENT : Acet-ac., acon., agar., ail., aloe., alumn., am-m., ant-t., apis., arg-n., arn., ars-i., Ars.,  asar., bapt., bar-m., bell., bor., bov., bry., cact., cadm., calc-p., calc., canth., Caps., carb-ac., carb s., carb-v., caust., Cham., chel., chin-a., chin., cic., cina., coc 

c., cocc., coff., colch., coloc., con., corn., crot-t., cupr., dros., dulc., Elat., ferr-ar., ferr p., ferr., gamb., graph., grat., hell., hep., hyos., ign., iod., ip., iris., kali-ar., kali-bi., kali-br., kali c., kreos., lach., lob., lyc., Merc-c., Merc., mez., nat-a., nat-c., nat-m., nat-p., nat-s., nit-ac., Nux-v.,  olnd., petr., ph-ac., Phos., Podo., psor., puls., ran-b., rhus-t., rob., samb., sec., sep., sil., sul ac., sulph., ter., thuj., trom., Verat., zinc. 

LIENTERIC: Abrot., acet-ac., aesc., aeth., aloe., am-m., ant-c., apoc., arg-m., arg-n., arn., Ars.,  asar., bar-c., bor., Bry., cahin., calc-p., calc-s., Calc., carb-s., cham., chen-a., Chin a., Chin., cina., coloc., con., cop., crot-t., dulc., elaps., Ferr-ar., ferr 

p., Ferr., gamb., Graph., hep., Ind., iod., ip., iris., jab., kali-p., kreos., lach.,  

laur., lept., lyc., lyss., mag-c., Mag-m., merc-c., merc-cy., mez., nit-ac., nux-m., ol-j., Olnd., ox ac., petr., Ph-ac., Phos., phys., phyt., plat., Podo., psor., raph., rheum., rhod., rhus-t., rhus v., sang., sec., sil., squil., stann., staph., stram., sul-ac., sulph., thuj., tub., verat. 

ODOR, cadaveric: Ant-t., apis., Ars., bism., bor., Carb-v., chin., Kali-p., kreos., Lach., ptel., rhus t., sil., stram.

carrion-like (See Putrid

putrid: Acet-ac., agar., apis., Ars., Asaf., Bapt., Benz-ac., bor., bry., calc., carb-ac., Carb-v.,  cham., chin., cocc., coloc., elat., ip., Kali-p., lach., mag-c., merc-c., nat-s., nit-ac., nux-m., Olnd.,  par., Podo., Psor., ptel., pulx., pyrog., rhus-t., sanic., sep., Sil., stram., Tub. 

offensive: Acet-ac., acon., agar., ail., aloe., alumn., ant-c., ant-t., apis., apoc., arg-m., Arg-n.,  arn., ars-i., Ars., Asaf., asc-t., aur., Bapt., bar-m., Benz-ac., bism., Bry., calc-p., calc., carb ac., Carb-s., Carb-v., casc., cham., chin-a., chin., chlol., cic., cimic., coca., cocc., coff., colch., coloc.,  con., cop., corn., Crot-h., crot-t., cupr-ar., cupr., dig., dios., dros., dulc., eug., fago., fl-ac., Gamb.,  gnaph., Graph., grat., guai., hep., hura., hyos., Ind., iod., ip., iris., Kali-ar., kali-c., Kali-p., kali-s.,  kreos., Lach., lept., lil-t., lith., lob-c., lob., lyc., lycps., manc., Merc-c., merc-cy., merc-i-f., merc.,  mez., mur-ac., nat-m., nat-p., Nat-s., nit-ac., Nux-m., nux-v., Op., par., petr., ph-ac., phos., phys.,  plb., Podo., Psor., ptel., puls., pulx., pyrog., ran-s., rheum., rhod., rhus-t., rumx., sant., sarr., sec., sep.,  serp., Sil., sin-n., sol-t-ae., Squil., stann., staph., sul-ac., Sulph., sumb., tab., tarent., ter., teucr., thuj.,  til., tril., Tub., vario., verat., vip., zinc. 

sour: Aeth., arg-n., arn., bell., Calc., camph., carb-s., cham., colch., coloc., colos., con.,  cop., dulc., graph., Hep., iris., jal., lyc., mag-c., Merc., mez., nat-c., nat-p., nit ac., olnd., phos., podo., Rheum., rob., sep., sil., Sulph., verat. 

UNDIGESTED (See Lienteric

WATERY: Acet-ac., acon., aesc., aeth., Agar., ail., aloe., alum., am-m., anac., anag., Ant-c., ant t., Apis., Apoc., Arg-n., arn., ars-i., ars., arum-t., Asaf., asar., aur-m., bapt., bar-c., bar m., bell., Benz-ac., berb., bism., bor., bufo., cact., cahin., calc-p., Calc., camph., canth., carb ac., Carb-s., carb-v., cast-eq., cast., caust., cench., Cham., chel., chin-a., chin-s., chin., chr ac., cina., cist., cob., cocc., coff., Colch., coll., coloc., Con., cop., corn., crot-h., crot-t., cupr., cur.,  cycl., dig., dios., Dulc., elaps., Elat., ferr-ar., ferr-i., ferr-p., ferr., fl-ac., Gamb.,  gnaph., graph., Grat., hell., hep., hipp., hydr., hyos., iod., ip., Iris., jal., Jatr., kali-ar., Kali-bi., kali br., kali-c., kali-i., kali-n., kali-p., kali-s., kreos., lac-c., lach., lec., lept., lob., lyss., Mag-c., mag-m.,  mag-s., manc., merc-d., merc-i-r., merc-sul., Merc., mez., mosch., mur-ac., nat-a., nat-c., Nat-m., nat p., Nat-s., nit-ac., nux-m., Nux-v., Olnd., Op., osm., ox-ac., petr., ph-ac., Phos., Pic-ac., plan.,  plb., Podo., Psor., Puls., ran-b., ran-s., raph., rat., rhus-t., rhus-v., rumx., samb., sang., sars., Sec., sel.,  senec., seneg., sep., sil., squil., stram., stront., stry., sul-ac., Sulph., sumb., tab., ter., Thuj.,  valer., Verat-v., Verat., vib., zinc. 

morning: Agar., ant-c., ant-t., cact., caust., cop., dios., fl-ac., glon., hep., iod., kali-bi., kali-c., kali-n.,  mag-c., mur-ac., nat-m., Nat-s., nux-m., nux-v., olnd., ox-ac., petr.,  

phos., Podo., rumx., squil., Sulph., tab. 

night: Acet-ac., agar., ant-t., Arg-n., ars., cast., chel., chin., gnaph., merc-c., mosch., nat-m., puls.,  senec., sulph.

  1. Boger Boenninghausen’s Characteristics Repertory (Bbcr): Dr. C.M  Boger 

Chapter STOOL 

Rubric: Diarrhoea: Aco., agar., alo., alu.. am-m., ang.. Ant-c., ant-t., ap., arg-n., arn., ARS.. asaf.,  asar, aur., bap., bar-c., bell., bor., bry., calad., calc-c., calc-p., canth.. caps.. carb-v., caus., CHAM.,  chel.. Chin., cocl., cof., colo., con., crot-h., cup.. dig., dro., dul., euphor., fer., GRAP., hell., hep.. hyo.,  ign., iod., Ip., Iris., kalin.. lach., lau., LYC., mag-c., mag-m., MERC., mez., mur-ac., nat-m., nit-ac.,  nuих-т., NUX-V., old., op.. par.. petr., PHO., PHO-AC., POD.. pso., PUL., ran-s., Rhe., rho., RHUS T., rut., saba., sabi., scil., Sec-c., sep., sil., spi., stan., STAP., stra., stro., SUL., sul-ac., tab., tarx., thu.,  val., VER-A.. vio-t../zin. 

chronic: Abro., anac., Ars., asaf., bry., CALC-C., canth., chin., dul., fer., GRAP., hep., ign., Ip., Kre.,  lach., nat-m., Nit-ac., nux-m., Petr., PHO., pho-ac., pul., Rhus-t., sec-c., sep., Sil., SUL., 

in daytime only: Con., kali-c., petr. 

morning: Fer-p., fer-s., Nat-s., SUL. 

nervous: Arg-n., Cof., Gel., Kali-p., mag-m. 

painful: Agar., am-c., am-m., anac., ars., asaf., asar., bov., bry., canth., caps., C carb-v., cham., chin.,  colch., colo., dul., euphor., ign., jal., kali-bi., kali-n.. MERC-C., nat-c., nux-v., petr., pho.. pul., RHE.,  RHUS-T., sep., spi., sul., ver-a. 

painless: Amb., ARS., bar-c., bell., berb., bor., bov., calc-c., canth., carb-a., cham., Chel., chin., cinb.,  clem., cocl., con., dul., FER., grap., hell., HYO., ign., kali-bi., kali-n., lau., LYC., mag-c., merc., ор.,  nit-ac., old.. PHO., PHO-AC., plat., POD., pul., pyro., ran-b., rho., rhus-t., sec-c., spi., STRA., sul.,  ver-a., zin. 

  1. Boericke’s Repertory: By Dr. William Boericke. 

DIARRHOEA, Enteritis 

Acute — Acal., Acet. ac., Acon., Ćth., Agar. phal., Aloe, Alston., Andros., Ant. c., Ant. t., Apis, Apoc.,  Arg. n., Arn., Ars., Ars. iod., Asaf., Bapt., Bell., Benz. ac., Bism., Bov., Bry., Cadm. s., Calc. ac., Calc.  c., Calc. p., Camph., Canth., Caps., Carb. ac., Carbo v., Cham., Chel., Chin. ars., Cina, Cinch.,  Colch., Collins., Col., Corn. c., Crot. t., Cuphea, Cupr. ac., Cupr. ars., Cycl., Dulc., Echin., Elat., Epilop., Eucal., Euphorb. cor., Ferr. m., Ferr. p., Fluor. ac., Formica, Gamb., Gels., Grat., Helleb.,  Hep., Hyos., Iod., Ipec., Iris, Jal., Jatropha, Kali bich., Kali chlor., Kali p., Lept., Mag. c., Merc. d.,  Merc. s., Merc. v., Morph., Mur. ac., Nat. m., Nat. s., Nit. ac., Nuphar, Nux v., Oleand., Op., Opuntia,  Oreodaph., Peonia, Petrol., Phos. ac., Phos., Physost., Pod., Polyg., Prun. sp., Psor., Puls., Rheum, 

Rhus t., Rhus v., Ricin. com., Rumex, Santon., Sec., Sep., Sil., Sul., Sul. ac., Tab., Tereb., Thuya, Val.,  Ver. a., Zinc., Zing. 

Chronic — Acet. ac., Allium s., Aloe, Angust., Ant. c., Arg. n., Arn., Ars., Ars. iod., Bapt., Calc. c., Calc. p., Cetraria, Chaparro, Cinch., Coto, Crot. t., Cupr. ars., Elaps, Ferr. m., Gamb., Graph., Hep.,  Iod., Iodof., Ipec., Kali bich., Lach., Lact. ac., Liatris, Lyc., Mag. m., Merc. d., Merc., Nabalus., Nat.  s., Nit. ac., Oleand., Phos. ac., Phos., Pod., Psor., Puls., Rhus ar., Rhus t., Rumex, Strych. ars., Sul.,  Thuya, Tub., Urt. 

  1. Synthesis Repertory (2.0) [V.202]: Dr Friedrich Schroyens Chapter:RECTUM 

Rubric: DIARRHEA 

acids, after: Aloe, am-c, Ant-c., apis, ars, Brom, bry, cist, coloc, lach, nat-p, nat-s, nux-v, Ph-ac, sars,  Sulph

acrid: ang., Ars., bry., carb-v., cham., chin., Ferr., ign., lach., Merc., Merc-c., nux-v., Puls., Sulph.,  verat. 

acute: acal., acet-ac., Acon., Aeth., agar-ph., Aloe., Alst., andr., Ant-c., ant-t., Apis., apoc., Arg-n., Arn.Ars., ars-i., Asaf., Bapt., Bell., benz-ac., Bism., bov., Bry., cadm-s., Calc., calc-act., Calc-p., Camph.,  Canth., Caps., Carb-ac., Carb-v., Cham., Chel., Chin., Chinin-ar., cina., colch., coll., Coloc., Corn.,  Crot-t., Cuph., Cupr-act., cupr-ar., Cycl., dios., Dulc., echi., Elat., epil., Eucal., Euph., ferr., ferr-p., fl ac., form., Gamb., Gels., Grat., hell., hep., hyos., iod., Ip., Iris jal., Jatr-c., Kali-bi., kali-chl., kali-p.,  lept., Mag-c., Merc., Merc-d., morph., mur-ac., nat-m., Nat-s., nit-ac., Nuph., Nux-v., olnd. Op. opun f., oreo., paeon., Petr., ph-ac., Phos., phys., Podo., polyg-h., Prun., psor., Puls., Rheum., Rhus-t., rhus v., ric., Rumx., santin., Sec., Sep., Sil., sul-ac., Sulph., tab., ter., Thuj., valer., Verat., zinc., zing. 

acute diseases, after: Carb-v., Chin., Psor., Sulph. 

allopathic medicines; after: cortiso. Nux-v 

anxiety after: arg-n, Ars., camph., phos., Puls., raph., sil., tab., verat 

bad news; after: Gels. 

breakfast after | agg.: aeth., agar., aloe., alum., alum-p., Arg-n., borx., calc., carb-v., carbn-s.,  cortiso., cycl., helon., iris., kali-p., kalm., led., lyc., mag-c., mag-p., mez., nat-m., Nat-s., nit-m-ac-.,  nuph., nux-v., ox-ac., phos., poso., psor., Rhod., Thuj., zing. 

coffee, after: arist-cl., canth., caust., Cist., coloc., corn., Cycl., dulc., fl-ac., hyper., ign., lyc., mosch.,  nat-m., osm., ox-ac., phos., pin-con., podo., ruta, staph., Thuj., vanil 

chronic: Abrot., acet-ac.., all-s., aloe., anac., ang., ant-c., Arg-n., arn., Ars., ars-i., asaf., Bac., bapt.,  bry., Calc., calc-p., canth., carbn-s., cetr., chap., chin., cist., coll., Coto., crot-t., Cupr-ar., dulc., elaps.,  Ferr., gamb., Graph., hep., hydr., ign., iod., iodof., Ip., kali-bi., kali-c., Kreos., lac-ac., lac-d., lach.,  Liat., lyc., Lyss., m-ambo., Mag-m., med., Merc., merc-d., moni., nabal., nat-m., nat-s., Nit-ac., olnd.,  parat-b., petr., ph-ac., Phos., plb., podo., psor., puls., rheum., rhus-a., Rhus-t., rumx., sec., sep., sil.,  spong., Staph., stry-ar., sul-ac., Sulph., Thuj., thyr., tril-p., Tub., urt-u., verat. 

cold: 

agg: ars., caust., merc., nat-s., Sil

drinks; after | agg.: Acon., agra., ant-c., Ars., bell., Bry., calc-ar., calc-p., camph., Caps., Carb-v., caust., cham., chin., chinin-ar., cocc., Dulc., Ferr., Ferr-ar., grat., Hep., Kali-ar., lept., Lyc., manc.,  nat-ar., nat-c., Nat-s., nit-ac., Nux-m., Ph-ac., Puls., Rhus-t., sep., Sil., Staph., Sul-ac., trom., verat. 

food: agg: ant-c., Ars., bry., Carb-v., cocc., coloc., Dulc., hep., Lyc., Nat-s., Nit-ac., nux-m., Nux-v Ph-ac., Puls., Rhus-t., sep., sul-ac. 

amel: Phos. 

dentition during: acet-ac., Acon., Aeth., ant-c., Apis., apoc., Arg-n., Ars., arund., Bell., benz-ac.,  Borx., bry., Calc., calc-act., Calc-p., canth., carb-v., Cham., Chin., Cina., Coff., colch., Coloc. corn.,  cund., cupr., Dulc., enteroc., Ferr., ferr-ar., ferr-p., Gels., graph., hell., Hep., ign., Ip., jal., Kali-br.,  Kreos., Mag-c., Mag-p., med., Merc., Nit-ac., nux-m., nux-v., olnd., ph-ac., phos., Phyt., Podo., Psor., puls., Rheum., Sep., Sil., sul-ac., Sulph., zinc. 

eating after | agg.: aesc., aeth., Agar., Aloe., Alst., alum., alum-p., am-m., ant-c., Apis., apoc., Arg-n., Ars., ars-i., ars-s-f., Asaf., asar., asim., aur-m., aur-m-n., bamb-a., borx., Brom., Bry., Calc., calc-i.,  calc-p., calc-s., canth., caps., Carb-v., carbn-s., caust., cedr., Cham., Chin., Chinin-ar., Cina., cist.,  Coloc., con., Corn., cortiso., Crot-t., cub., Dulc., Ferr., Ferr.ar., Ferr-i., ferr-ma., ferr-p., Fl-ac.,  Form., Gamb., graph., hep., hydrog., hyper., ign., Iod., Kali-ar., kali-n., Kali-p., kreo., Lach., laur.,  Lyc., mag-c., marb-w., morg-p., mur-ac., Nat-ar., Nat-c., nat-ox., nat-p., Nat-s., nit-ac., nux-m., Nux v., parathyr., Petr., Ph-ac., Phos., plut-n., Podo., Puls., raph., Rheum., rhod., rhus-t., ruta., sanic.,  sars., sec., spong., Staph., staphycoc., Sul-ac., sulph., tab., tanac., Thuj., Trom., tung-met., verat. Zinc. 

imagination, from exalted: Arg-n. 

involuntary: apis., arn., ars., bapt., bell., bry., carb-v., colch., crot-h., gels., hell., hyos., lach., laur.,  mur-ac., op., ph-ac., phos., rhus-t., sec., spect., stram., sul-ac., sulph., verat. 

urination; with simultaneous: arn., ars., carb-v., colch., hyos., laur., mur-ac., ph-ac., phos., rhus-t., sec.,  stram. 

milk; agg: aeth., arist-cl., ars., bry., Calc., chin., con., iod., Kali-c., lac-d., Lyc., Mag-c., Mag-m.,  med., Nat-ar., Nat-c., Nicc., nit-ac., Nux-m., pitu-a., podo., Sep., Sil., Sulph., tritic-vg., valer.,  

morning: acet-ac., aeth., Agar., all-c., allox., Aloe., alum., alum-p., alum-sil., am-c., am-m., ang., ant c., ant-t., aphis., Apis., Arg-n., Ars., Ars-i., ars-s-f., aur., aur-ac., aur-i., aur-s., bac., bamb-a., bapt.,  bell., Borx., Bov., brom., bros-gau., Bry., Cact., cadm-met., cain., Calc., calc-p.,, calc-s., carb-an.,  carbn-s., caust., Cench., chin., chinin-ar., chlor., cic., cimic., cist., cob-n., coca-c., Cocc., Coloc., Cop., Corn., cortiso., crot-t., cysteine-l., dendr-pol., Dig., Dios., Dulc., dys., enteroc., eup-per., Ferr., Ferr ar., ferr-i., ferr-p., ferrr-s., fl-ac., form., galeoc-c-h., Gamb., ger-ro., gnaph., granit-m., graph., Grat., Guaj., haliae-lc., hep., hura., Hydr., hyper., ichth., Iod., iris., kali-ar., Kali-bi., Kali-c., kali-i., kali-m.,  kali-n., kali-p., kali-s., kali-sil., kalm., kola., lac-h., lach., lat-h., lept., Lil-t., Lith-c., loxo-recl.,luf-op.,  Lyc., lyss., Mag-c., mag-m., mag-s., maland., malar., manc., med., Merc., Merc-c., merc-sul., morg-p.,  Mur-ac., nat-ar., nat-c., nat-m., nat-p., Nat-s., nat-sil., nicc., nit-ac., Nuph., nux-m., Nux-v., ol-j., olnd.,  oncor-t., onos., orot-ac., asm., ox-ac., parathyr., Petr. petr-ra., Ph-ac., Phos., phyt., plan., Podo., pot e., psil., psor., Puls., rauw., rhod., rhodi., rhus-t., rhus-v., Rumx., ruta., sal-fr., sang., sarr., senec., sil.,  sol-t-ae., squil., staph., staphycoc., stict., streptoc., suis-em., sul-ac., sul-i., Sulph., sumb., syc., syph.,  Tab., Thuj., trios., tritic-vg., trom., Tub., urol-h., valer., vanil., Verat., xan., Zinc., zing. 

 6h: allox., aloe., arg-n., chinin-ar., kali-p., lach., ox-ac., petr., Rumx., Sulph.  6-9h: allox.

 6-10h: chinin-ar. 

 6-12h: Rumx. 

 7h: xan. 

 8h: ars-s-f., Ferr., Nat-s., plan. 

 8-10h: plan. 

 afternoon, until: borx., Nat-m. 

 bed, driving out of: allox., Aloe., alum-sil., bell., bov., bros-gau., bry., cench., chin., cic., dios.,  halieae-ic., hep., hydr., hyper., Kali-bi., kola., Lil-t., lyc., med., nat-ar., nat-s., nat-sil., nuph., onos.,  petr., Phos., phyt., Podo., psil., Psor., rauw., rhus-t., Rumx., sal-fr., sil., staph., Sulph., syph., Tub, Zinc. 

 early: acet-ac., Aloe., ichth., iris., lil-t., med., merc-sul., Nat-s., nit-ac., Nuph., Nux-v., petr., phos.,  Podo., Psor., raiw., rhus-v., Rumx., Stict., Sulph., thuj., trom., tub. 

 rising, after | agg.: aeth., agar., aloe., ars., ars-i., ars-s., bapt., Bry., cain., calc., Cocc., fl-ac., kali-bi.,  lept., lil-t., loxo-recl., lyc., mag-s., nat-c., Nat-m., Nat-s., nat-sil., Nux-v., orot-ac., ox-ac., Phos., plan.,  podo., Psor., rumx., staph., Sulph., syc., verat. 

night: abrot., acon., aeth., agath-a., All-c., aloe., alum-sil., anac., ang., ant-c., ant-t., aran., Arg-n.,  Arn., Ars., ars-s-f., arum-t., asaf., asc-t., Aur., aur-ac., aur-m., aur-s., bamb-a., bar-c., bar-s., borx.,  both-ax., bov., brom., Bry., caj., canth., Caps., carv-v., Carbn-s., Caust., cench., Cham., Chel., Chin.,  Chinin-ar., Chinin-s., chlol., cic., cimic., Cinnb., cist., coca-c., colch., Con., Crot-t., cub., cysteine.-l.,  diosm., dros., Dulc., Ferr., Ferr-ar., ferr-p., fl-ac., form., Gamb., gink-b., gnaph., Graph., Grat., hep.,  hipp., Hyos., ign, ip., Iris., ix., jal., Kali-ar., Kali-bi., Kali-c., kali-p., kali-s., kali-sil., kola., kreos.,  Lach., lith-c., lyc., lyss., Mag-c., mag-m., manc., mang., Merc. merc-c., Mosch., Nat-ar., Nat-c., nat m., Nat-p., Nuph., Nux-m., Nux-v., ozone., petr., ph-ac., Phos., Podo., Psor., Puls., Rheum., Rhus-t., rhus-v., rumx., ruta., sang., sec., sl., senec., Sep., Sil., sinus., spong., squil., staph., stront-c., Stry., Sul ac., Sulph., symph., syph., Tab., ther., Tub., urol-h., verat., visc., zinc. 

 midnight, before: mag-c., nux-m., puls., rus-t., symph. 

 after: aeth., all-c., aloe., alum-sil., aran., Arg-n., Ars., ars-s-f., arum-t., asc-t., bamb-a., Chin.,  Chinin-ar., cic., cimic., cist., coca-c., cysteine-l., dros., ferr., Ferr-ar., ferr-p., fl-ac., form., gamb.,  hipp., iris., Kali-ar., kali-c., kali-s., kola., lyc., mag-c., nat-ar., nat-c., nat-m., Nuph., Nux-v., ozone.,  Petr., Phos., Podo., Psor., rhus-t., rhus-v., rumx., sec., sinus., squil., staph., stront-c., Sulph., syph.,  tab., tub., urol-h., Verat. 

noisy: lem-n. 

old people: Ant-c., ant-t., Ars., ars-i., bapt., bar-c., bov, Bry., Carb-v. Chin., coff., con., Fl-ac., Gamb., iod., kreos., lach., nat-m., nat-s., Nit-ac., nux-v., op., phos., rhus-t. ruta., sec., sul-i., sulph. 

painful: agar., alum, am-c., am-m., anac., Ang., Apis., ars., asaf., asar., bar-c., bov., bry., canth., caps.,  carb-v., cham., chin., colch., coloc., con., cupr., dig., dulc., euph., graph., ign., jal., kali-br., kali-c.,  kali-n., lyc., mag-c., mag-m., merc., Merc-c., natc-c., nux-v., petr., phis., plb., puls., Rheum., Rhus-t., sep., sil., spig., Sul-ac., sulph., ultras., verat., zinc. 

painless: acon., agar., alf., Aloe., Alst., ambr., anac., ant-t., anthracin., Apis., arg-n., arn., Ars., ars-i.,  ars-s-f., arum-t., aur., Bapt., bar-c., bar-m., bell., bell-p., berb., Bism., Borx., both-ax., bov., bry.,  Calc., calc-s., calc-sil., Camph., cann-i., canth., carb-an., carv-v., carbn-s., cench., Cham., chap.,  Chel., Chin., cic., cinnb., clem., coca-c., Cocc., coch., Coff., colch., coloc., con., croc., Crot-t., cupr., 

dig., Dulc., Ferr., Ferr-ar., Ferr-p., gamb., Gels., graph., Grat., hell., Hep., hir., Hyos., Ign., ip., iris.,  jab., Jatr-c., Kali-ar., kali-bi., kali-br., Kali-c., kali-n., kali-p., kali-s., Lach., laur., lavand-a., led., Lyc.,  m-ambo., m-aust., Mag-c., mag-m., malar., merc., mur-ac., nat-ar., Nat-m., Nat-p., Nat-s., nat-sil., nit 

ac., Nuph., nux-m., nux-v., Olnd., op., pegen-ha., petr., Ph-ac., Phos., plat., Podo., Psor., puls.,  Pyrog., ran-b., rhod., Rhus-t., ric., rumx., sabin., sars., sec., sep., Sil., spig., spong., Squil., stann.  staph., stram.m stront-c., Sul-ac., Sulph., syph., tab., thuj., tril-p., Tub., valer., Verat., zinc., zinc-p. 

pregnancy 

 after: Phos. 

 during: alum., am-m., Ant-c., apis., Caps., cham., Chel., Chin., dulc., ferr., hell., hyos., lac-ac.,  Lyc., merc., Nux-m., nux-v., petr., Ph-ac., Phos., podo., Puls., rheum., sec., Sep., Sulph., thuj. 

sugar 

 after: Arg-n., calc., crot-t., Merc. Ox-ac., Sulph., trom. 

 maple sugar: calc-s 

water 

 bad water; from: Alst., camph., Chin., zing. 

 drinking agg: Aloe., ant-c., ant-t., Apis., Arg-n., Ars., ars-s-f., Asaf., bry., calc-ar., caps., Cina.,  coloc., Crot-t., cub., Elat., Ferr., Ferr-ac., fl-ac., gamb., Grat., kali-ar., kali-n., lach., laur., manc.,  nux-m., Nux-v., Podo., rhod., sec., sep., spong., staph., Sul-ac., sulph., Trom., verat., 

Undigested (RECTUM – DIARRHEA- lienteric): chin., ferr., graph., hep. 

Reference 

  1. Boon NA, Chilvers ER, Haslett C, Hunter JAA, editors. Davidson’s principles and practice of  medicine. 18th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. 
  2. Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s  Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018. 
  3. Golwalla A, editor. Golwalla’s Medicine for Students. 24th ed. Mumbai: Elsevier; 2022. 
  4. Boericke W. Boericke’s New Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica with Repertory: Third  Revised & Augmented Edition based on Ninth Edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers; 2010 
  5. Allen H. C. Keynotes Rearranged and Classified with Leading Remedies of the Materia Medica and  Bowel Nosodes. 10th edition 2005; 31st impression 2016. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers; 2005. 
  6. Dubey, S.K. Textbook of Materia Medica including Allen’s keynote- an easy explanation. 8/1  Chintamoni Das Lane, Kolkata: Arunabha Sen, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. 2015. 
  7. Bell B. James. The Homoepathic Therapeutics of Diarrhoea, Dysentry, Cholera, Cholera Morbus,  Cholera Infantum and All other Loose Evacuations of The Bowels. 13th edition. 8th impression. New  Delhi: B. Jain Publishers; 2020. 
  8. Nemeth V, Pfleghaar N. Diarrhea. [Updated 2022 Nov 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island  (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from:  

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448082/

  1. Markus MacGill. What you should know about Diarrhea. [Updated 2024 March 7]. In Medical  News Today [Internet]: Medical News Today Publishing; 2024. Available from:  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634

MAIN AUTHOR NAME 

Dr. Nutan Birhaday [P.G. SCHOLAR] 

Department of Homoeopathic Repertory and Case Taking 

Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, [M.P.] CO-AUTHOR 

Dr. Sarita Verma. (I/C HOD and Guide) 

Department of Homoeopathic Repertory and Case Taking 

Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, [M.P]

About the author

Dr. Nutan Birhaday

Dr. Nutan Birhaday - (P.G. Scholar) Department of Homoeopathic Repertory and Case Taking, Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College and hospital, Bhopal (M.P.)