ABSTRACT:
The sarcodes are a special group of homeopathic drugs which have not been adequately utilised by the homeopathic profession.4
In Greek, the term ‘sarcode’ means fleshy.1
Sarcodes imply protoplasm of animals as distinguished from vegetable protoplasm. They are obtained from healthy endocrine or ductless gland secretions of living human organs and lower animals.1
Sarcodes are prepared from:
1. Healthy endocrine glands as a whole.
2. Healthy secretions from endocrine glands.
3. Normal secretions of animals.
4. Product (or extract) of animal glands and tissues.
5. Healthy organs of animals.1
Sarcodes implies protoplasm of animals.
These are the proved medicines obtained from healthy endocrine glands or normal secretions from living human beings and lower animals.2
This subjective article highlights the efficacy of sarcodes in detail.
KEYWORDS: Homoeopathy, Organopathy, Sarcodes, Organ extracts, Homoeopathic healthy remedies.
INTRODUCTION:
1. The dictionary meanings of sarcode are: 4
• 1.1 Sarcode: A term of historical interest (1835), applied to the protoplasm of protozoa before the term protoplasm was coined.
• 1.2 Sarcode : (sarkod), n. protoplasm, esp. the semifluid content of a protozoan.
2. As per Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India, “Sarcodes are healthy tissue products or secretions of living organism, i.e. plants and animals.”
3. Sarcodes are prepared from the secretions of healthy organism, e.g. Cholestrin, Insulin (B cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas), Thyroidinum (Thyroid gland). They have a great value in homeopathic prescriptions and mostly in chronic diseases. They are deep acting remedies and have power to set right the disturbed metabolism.
4. The word ‘Sarcode’ is a Greek term which means “fleshy”. Sarcodes literally mean protoplasm of animals and hence should be carefully distinguished from vegetable protoplasm. They are prepared from healthy endocrine or ductless gland secretions of living human organisms and lower animals. The secretions are mostly hormones. In fact, sarcodes belong to animal kingdom.
5. Dr J.H. Clarke in his book, “A Clinical Repertory to the Dictionary of Materia Medica has mentioned, “I have found the term ‘Sarcodes’ useful for designating the remedies prepared from healthy animal tissues and organs”. Dr Clarke has given following two lists relating to sarcodes :
- 5.1. SARCODES include the remedies made from the healthy animal tissues and secretions. Preparations of poisonous animals (e.g. Homarus, Sanguisuga, Erythrinum etc.) are not included under this head. For example: Adrenalinum, Aranearum tela, Calcarea carbonica (ostrearum), Calcarea ovi testae, Carboanimalis, Castor equi, Cervus, Colostrum, Conchiolinum, Fel tauri, Gadus morrhua, Helix tosta, Lac caninum, Lac felinum, Lac vaccinum, Oleum jecoris aselli, Oophorinum, Orchitinum, Ovi gallinae pellicula, Ovi gallinae testa, Pulmo vulpis, Sphingurus, Thyroidinum, Uranium.
- 5.2 SARCODE DERIVATIVES: Preparations derived from healthy animal tissues and secretions are included under this head.
For example: Cholesterinum, Lac vaccinum coagulatum, Lac vaccinum defloratum, Lacticum acidum, Lactis vaccini flos, Pancreatinum, Pepsinum, Saccharum lactis, Thyroidinum, Uricum acidum.
6. The approved drugs from the healthy glands and normal secretions of living animals are included in the group of sarcodes. Gland from which the secretion is collected must be healthy. It must be tested first if the gland is secreting properly or not and that particular secretion is healthy or not must be tested in the physiology laboratory.
7. The drugs derived from animal tissues, glands and excretions should be collected from healthy animals or human beings.
8. The word sarcode means animal protoplasm, as distinguished from vegetable protoplasm. In this group those drugs are put which are prepared from healthy animal tissues (e.g. Thyroidinum) and secretions (Cholesterinum, Adrenalinum). Practically speaking, this group can be considered under the animal kingdom. But almost all the modern authors have mentioned these under a separate class, i.e. sarcodes. While preparing the sarcodes, the required precautions are: the subjects of this source must be perfectly healthy; the products or parts should be tested first; the animals should be kept under strict observation, on restricted food before the drug materials are collected from them.
9. Sarcodes are prepared from the natural products from the tissues or secretions of animals or human bodies. In this category, although the healthy tissue products of plants and animals have been incorporated yet sarcodes are prepared from healthy animal tissues or their secretions. It is a fact that sarcodes are prepared not only from healthy tissues and organs of healthy animals, animal glands and their secretions/products but, they are also prepared from the endocrine glands as a whole and the healthy secretions from these endocrine glands.
10. Sarcodes are homeopathic attenuations of wholesome organs, tissues, or metabolic factors obtained from healthy specimens.4
To summarise, the sarcodes have been defined as the medicines prepared from the healthy tissues, secretions of the endocrine glands and normal secretions of the living human beings and lower animals.4
Literature Review:
Sarcodes are prepared from:
1. Healthy endocrine glands as a whole.
2. Healthy secretions from endocrine glands.
3. Normal secretions of animals.
4. Product (or extract) of animal glands and tissues.
5. Healthy organs of animals.1
- Sarcodes imply protoplasm of animals.
These are the proved medicines obtained from healthy endocrine glands or normal secretions from living human beings and lower animals.2
From Healthy Tissue or Gland:
• Thyroidinum – From thyroid tissue.
• Pituitarinum – From pituitary gland.2
From Healthy Secretions:
• Insulinum – From B-cells of islets of Langerhans.
• Adrenalinum – From adrenal gland.
• Pepsinum – From peptic cells of stomach.
• Lac caninum – From bitch’s milk.
• Lac defloratum – From skimmed milk.
• Lac vaccinum – From cow’s milk.
• Lac felinum – From cat’s milk.
• Colostrum – From mother’s milk after recent birth of a baby.2
Sarcodes from Extracts:
• Orchitinum – From testicular extract.
• Oophorinum – Ovarian extract.
• Pancreatinum – Extract from pancreas of beef. 2
Sarcodes are derived from healthy glands, organs or tissues of animals, usually slaughtered animals such as pigs, sheep, or cattle. Besides these, oxes, foxes, insects, spiders, and snakes may be used for preparation of sarcodes.1
“Healthy organ extracts or organ secretions prepared according to the general rules of homeopathic remedies, which will help to slow down the natural and pathological deterioration of the organ”- Michel M. Bouko Levy.1
A sarcode homoeopathically restores targeted glands or organs by producing the healthy template of the tissue from which the body can rebuild, restore and restimulate.1
EXAMPLES:
1. Adrenalin (secretion of medulla of supra-renal gland)
2. Adrenocorticotrophin (from anterior pituitary gland of pigs)
3. Aorta
4. Arteria
5. Bulbinum
6. Castoreum
7. Cerebellum
8. Cerebellum cortex
9. Cholesterinum
10. Cholinum
11. Colon
12. Colostrum
13. Conjunctiva
14. Corpus luteum
15. Corticotropinum
16. Cortisone (steroid hormone from adrenal cortex of man)
17. Diaphragma
18. Fel tauri (ox gall)
19. Fel vulpis (fox gall)
20. Folliculinum
21. Hypothalamus
22. Insulin (beta cells of Islet of Langerhans of pancreas
23. Liquor amnii
24. Luteinum
25. Oophorinum
26. Orchitinum
27. Pancreatinum
28. Pepsinum
29. Pituitaria glandula posterior
30. Placenta
31. Pulmo vulpis
32. RNA
33. Serotoninum
34. Secretinum
35. Thymi glandula extractum
36. Thyroidinum1
A. The hormones secreted by the major endocrine glands and the sarcodes prepared from them are listed below in TABLE-1: 4
| S.No. | Hormone | Endocrine gland | Sarcode | Source |
| 1. | Adrenalin, Epinephrine | Adrenal gland | Adrenalinum | Extract of Adrenal gland |
| 2. | Cortisol | Adrenal cortex | Cortisone | Synthetic form of cortisone |
| 3. | Estrogen | Ovary | Folliculinum | Oestrone, a synthetic form of estrogen |
| 4. | Insulin | Pancreas-Islets of Langerhans | Insulinum | Anaqueous solution of the active principle from pancreas |
| 5. | Estrogen, Progesterone | Ovary | Oophorinum | Ovarian extract of sheep or cow |
| 6. | Testosterone- | Testis | Orchitinum | Extract from the testis of bull/sheep |
| 7. | Parathormone- | Parathyroid gland | Parathyroidinum | Extract of Parathyroid gland |
| 8. | GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Prolactin- | Anterior Pituitary | Pituitarium anteriorium | Purified extract of Anterior Pituitary |
| 9. | Vasopressin, Oxytocin- | Posterior Pituitary | Pituitarium posteriorum | Purified extract of Posterior Pituitary |
| 10. | GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Prolactin, Vasopressin, Oxytocin | Pituitary gland | Pituitaria glandula | Purified extract of whole Pituitary gland |
| 11. | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Anterior Pituitary | Thyrotropinum | Thyrotrope cells of anterior lobe of Pituitary gland |
| 12. | Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, Calcitonin | Thyroid gland | Thyroidinum | Fresh thyroid gland of sheep 4 |
The applied aspect of the endocrine system may be due to hyperactivity or hypo activity of the concerned gland. The diseases – due to hormonal imbalance demand restoration of the normal hormone equilibrium. The conventional method of treatment in such cases, aims at supplementing the deficiency (hypo function) by hormone replacement therapy and hormone precursors, while in cases of hyperfunction, the treatment strategies are: radiation therapy, surgery, hormone blockers and receptor antagonist.4
The use of hormone extracts is not restricted to Allopathic school of medicine alone. The homeopathic profession also uses the potentised form of the glandular secretions. As homoeopathic prescription chiefly depends upon the symptom similarity, a well proved sarcode can be given for controlling systemic abnormalities. Every sarcode has a specific sphere of action. Action of sarcode on endocrine gland or in endocrine diseases or in other diseases is a circumstantial proof of its effectiveness. It is prescribed based upon the totality of signs and symptoms manifested by the patients in mental and physical sphere, strictly following the homeopathic principle.4
Although most of the sarcodes are prepared from glandular secretions, their action is not only targeted to hyper/hypo function of the concerned glands, but also extends to the systemic disorders. Such medicines indeed have multifarious actions, e.g. Thyroidinum is used in various clinical conditions like different complaints during pregnancy, allergy, amenorrhoea, angina pectoris, vasomotor disturbances, breast tumours, dropsy, fibroid uterus, pernicious anaemia, puerperal epilepsy etc.4
B. Sarcodes obtained from the healthy secretions of living human beings and lower animals are given in TABLE-2. 4
| S.No. | Sarcode | Source |
| 1 | Amnii liquor | Amniotic fluid |
| 2 | Cholesterinum | Spinal cord of cattle |
| 3 | Colostrum | First milk after child birth |
| 4 | Fel tauri | Bile of bovine gall bladder |
| 5 | Galeocerdo cuvier hepar | Tiger shark’s liver |
| 6. | Lac asinum | Female donkey milk |
| 7. | Lac cameli dromedary | Female camel milk |
| 8. | Lac caninum | Female dog(bitch) milk |
| 9. | Lac caprinum | Female goat(doe) milk |
| 10. | Lac delphinum | Female dolphin milk |
| 11 | Lac equinum | Female horse(mare) milk |
| 12 | Lac felinum | Female cat(moly) milk |
| 13 | Lac humanum | Human breast milk |
| 14 | Lac loxodonta Africana | African female elephant milk |
| 15 | Lac leoninum | Lioness milk |
| 16 | Lac lupinum | Female wolf milk |
| 17 | Lac oryctolagus cuniculus | Female rabbit milk |
| 18 | Lac ovis | Female sheep milk |
| 19. | Lac suilinum | Female pig milk |
| 20. | Lac vaccinum | Cow milk |
| 21. | Lac vaccinum coagulatum | Milk curd |
| 22. | Lac vac defloratum (lac defloratum) | Defatted cow milk |
| 23. | Lac vaccinum flos | Cream of milk |
| 24. | Oleum jecoris aselli | Cod liver oil of gadus morrhua fish |
| 25. | Pancreatinum | Extract of pancreas of domestic pig or cow |
| 26. | Pepsinum | Gastric juice of swine |
| 27. | Saccharum lactis | Lactose from milk4 |
Preparation of Sarcodes: 4
In Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of United States (HPUS), preparation of sarcodes is given in a separate section, stating that the sarcodes are to be prepared under CLASS L. Attenuation procedure is discussed under Method I (specifications of CLASS F & CLASS H to be followed) and Method II (Decimal & Centesimal scale).4
In Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI), preparation of sarcodes in general is not given separately but method of preparation of each sarcode is discussed under the specific sarcode.4
Therapeutic Application of Sarcodes: 4
1. As constitutional medicines: when a patient’s profile matches with the portrait of a particular sarcode.
2. As intercurrent medicines in certain cases when the well-indicated remedies fail to cure completely. This may happen due to lack of reaction on the part of the patient, due to the lurking miasm in the background or advanced pathological condition.
3. When there is paucity of symptoms in a case and it is difficult to arrive at a similimum, a sarcode may open up the case to bring on surface the latent symptoms.
4. As antidotes to artificial disease conditions due to extensive use of non-homeopathic medicines (latrogenic diseases) or to mitigate the adverse drug reactions, where the well-indicated remedies may fail to show the desired result, e.g. Folliculinum is used for complaints following prolonged use of birth control pill.
5. As complementary to a medicine to complete its action in certain clinical conditions, e.g. Thyroidinum is used after Calcarea phosphorica in arrested development of child with h/o gastrointestinal manifestations, with h/o toxaemia or allergic manifestations during pregnancy in mother and Folliculinum is used after Lachesis mutus for various clinical manifestations. Some clinicians also prescribe constitutional medicine followed by repeated doses of the sarcode related to the disorder due to hypo function of the concerned hormone.
6. As organ remedies: The sarcodes prepared from the endocrine glands or their secretions can be prescribed for the disorders due to hypo activity or hyperactivity of the concerned endocrine gland. For example: Thyroidinum for myxoedema, cretinism or exophthalmic goitre; Cortisone for Cushing’s syndrome, Adrenalinum for hypertension etc. Thus, sarcodes can be administered as organ remedies.
7. It is also a fact that there is a strong linkage between two or more endocrine glands and the functions of one gland is influenced by the other. With this analogy, the sarcode prepared from the master hormone may be useful in treating the disorders due to hypo or hyper function of the subordinate endocrine gland.
8. As a prophylactic medicine in certain clinical conditions, e.g. Lac caninum has been recommended as prophylactic against Diphtheria.4
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INDIVIDUAL SARCODES:
- ADRENALIN:
(An Internal Secretion of Suprarenal Glands)
Adrenalin or Epinephrine, the active principle of the medulla of the suprarenal gland, (cortical secretion not as yet isolated), is employed as a chemical messenger in the regulation of the activities of the body; in fact, its presence is essential to the activity of the sympathetic nerve. Adrenalin action on any part is the same as stimulation of the sympathetic nerve endings thereto. Local application [1: 1,000 solution] to mucous membranes promptly induces transient ischemia, seen in a blanching, persisting several hours from conjunctival instillation. Its action is very prompt, efficient, evanescent, owing to rapid oxidation and therefore practically harmless, unless too frequently repeated, when atheroma and heart lesions-myocardial-in animals have been reported. Arteries, heart, supra-renal bodies and vasomotor system are prominently affected.5
The main action of Adrenalin is stimulation of the sympathetic endings, notably the splanchnic area, causing constriction: of the peripheral arterioles, with resulting rise in blood pressure.5
This is especially observed in stomach, intestines; less in uterus, skin; nil in brain and lungs. Furthermore, is noticed, slowing of pulse, (medullary vagus stimulation), and strengthening of heart beat (increased myocardial contractility), resembling Digitalis; increased glandular activity, glycosuria; depression of respiratory center; contraction of muscular tissue of eye, uterus, vagina; relaxation of muscular tissue of stomach, intestines, bladder.5
ADRENALINUM (Adren.)
Chemical Formula: C,H, NO,
Molecular Weight: 183.20
Synonyms: Adrenaline, Adrenalin
Common Name: Adrenal gland 4
Introduction –
Adrenaline or epinephrine is a hormone secreted from the medulla of the suprarenal gland. It is also released by sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve endings. It is derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It regulates the blood pressure through its action on heart and blood vessels. It enhances systolic blood pressure by increasing the force of contraction of the heart as well as cardiac output. It reduces diastolic blood pressure by decreasing the total peripheral resistance. It constricts the blood vessels through a-receptors. It also dilates the blood vessels through B, -receptors in certain areas of the body like skeletal muscles, liver and heart.4
Thus, the total peripheral resistance is reduced causing decrease in diastolic blood pressure. Adrenaline is available in colourless or pale-buff coloured crystalline powder form and tastes slightly bitter. It darkens on exposure to air or light. It is sparingly soluble in water and alcohol.4
Hans Selye has demonstrated through his theory of the “general adaptation syndrome” the direct relation between stress and production of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.4
The production of these two medullary hormones is directly connected with the defence system of the body. They are excreted in great quantities under stress and are retracted equally easily.4
Their amount in the blood stream therefore varies widely under different circumstances.4
The chief therapeutic use of Adrenaline depends on its vaso-constrictive action. It is a powerful and prompt astringent and haemostatic. It is invaluable in checking capillary haemorrhages from all parts: nose, ear, mouth, throat, larynx, stomach, rectum, uterus, urinary bladder etc.4
Source-
Adrenalinum is prepared from the extract of supra-renal bodies (adrenal glands).4
Preparation-
Pure chemical, Adrenaline 100g, is triturated with 900g of Sacchrum lactis to make 1kg of Adrenalinum 1x, of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration in accordance with the method mentioned in Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia of India (H.P.I.), Volume (Vol.)1; 6x may be converted to liquid 8x potency, as per H.P.I., Vol. 1; 9x and higher potencies are prepared with dispensing alcohol (95%).4
Proving –
Adrenalinum was proved by Dr Gatman in 1904.4
Sphere of Action –
Mind, Neuro-endocrine system, Cardiovascular system, Haemopoietic system, Urinary system.4
Clinical Conditions –
Addison’s disease, Acute congestion of lungs, Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Bronchial asthma, Cardiac asthma, Chronic aortitis, Corns, Debility, Diabetes mellitus, Diarrhoea, Grave’s disease, Haematuria, Haemophilia, Haemorrhages, Hay fever, Hyperaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Hypertension., Paroxysmal tachycardia, Peripheral neuritis, Urinary tract infection, Urticaria.4
Characteristic Features-
1. A life of constant and unresolved stress. Adrenalinum helps in combating diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, paroxysmal tachycardia with anxiety, arteriosclerosis, cardiac asthma and other diseases that have developed as a consequence of stress especially when the stress is of an emotional and psychological nature.
2. It is helpful in Addison’s disease with the leading features: bronzing of skin, loss of strength, wasting, and exceedingly rapid pulse.
3. Headaches during hypertensive crisis.
4. Diseases associated with rapid emaciation with great loss of strength.
5. Bad taste in mouth on waking.
6. Sensation of thoracic constriction with anguish.
7. Frequently indicated, either to complete a cure or to open a case.4
Mental Generals: Despondent and nervous; lack of interest in anything; no ambition; disinclination for mental work; absence of “grit.”
Aversion to mental work, cannot concentrate thoughts.6
Physical Generals: Prolonged contraction of the general muscular system. Repeated injections cause atheroma and heart lesions in animals.
The skin becomes bronzed; great loss of strength; rapid emaciation; exceedingly rapid pulse; irregular intermitting heart beats; general marked anemia.6
- CHOLESTERINUM :
(Cholesterine- The proximate principle. Furnished by the epithelium lining of gall bladder and the larger ducts)
For cancer of the liver. Obstinate hepatic engorgements. Burning pain in side; on walking holds his hand on side, hurts him so. Opacities of the vitreous. Jaundice; gallstones. Cholesterine is the physiological opponent of Lecithin. Both seem to play some unknown part in the growth of tumours. Gallstones and insomnia.5
CHOLESTERINUM (Chol.)
Zoological Name: Bos indicus
Family: Bovidae
Chemical Formula: CH
Molecular Weight: 386.64
Common Names: Cholesterol, Cholesterine4
Introduction-
Cholesterol is present in the diets of all people and can be absorbed slowly from GI tract into the intestinal lymph. It is highly fat soluble but only slightly soluble in water. The most important use of cholesterol in the body is to form cholic acid in the liver. This is conjugated with other substances to form bile salts, which promote digestion and absorption of fats. A small quantity of cholesterol is used by: adrenal glands to form adreno-cortical hormones; the ovaries to form progesterone and estrogen and the testis to form testosterone. It is white or faintly yellow, almost odourless, pearly leaflets or granules; insoluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol, soluble in vegetable oils. It is a principal sterol in the higher animals. It is found in all body tissues, especially in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. It is the main constituent of gallstones. Cholesterol is the physical opponent of lecithin. Both seem to play some unknown part in the growth of tumours. Cholesterinum was introduced to homeopathy by Dr Swan He affirms that it is almost a specific for gallstone colic and relieves the distress at once especially after failure of Nux vomica, China officinalis, Carduus marianus, Podophyllum peltatum, and other apparently well selected remedies. Dr Clarke says, “Cholesterol is found in the blood, in the brain, the yolk of eggs, seeds and buds of plants, but is most abundant in the bile and biliary calculi. It occurs in the form of crystals with a mother-of-pearl lustre, and is fatty to the touch. It is soluble in both alcohol and ether.”4
Dr J.C Burnett got the suggestion from Dr Ameke, and used its lower potencies with success for several years, the description of which he has given in his book ‘Diseases of the Liver’. Dr Swan took hints from Dr Burnett’s work and potentized a gallstone for its potencies. Dr Ameke recommended Cholesterinum as a remedy in cancer of the liver.4
Source-
Cholesterinum is prepared from the spinal cord of cattle by petroleum ether extraction of the non-saponifiable matter. Purification is done by repeated bromination.4
Preparation-
Petroleum ether extract of spinal cord (non-saponifiable) in powder form, 100g, is triturated with 900g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Cholesterinum 1x of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration. 6x may be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared with dispensing alcohol.4
Sphere of Action-
Gastrointestinal system especially liver & gall bladder. Eye, Female reproductive system particularly uterus.4
Clinical Conditions-
Benign tumours, Chronic jaundice, Gallstones and colic, Hepatic carcinoma, Insomnia, Obstinate hepatic engorgements, Uterine fibroids. Vitreous opacities (eyes).4
Characteristic Features-
1. Hepatic complaints, both benign and malignant, inveterate cases of gallstones with colic.
2. Vitreous opacities of eyes.
3. Pain in affected parts, < motion.
STALWARTS ON CHOLESTERINUM:
Swan appears to have taken his hint from Burnett’s work and potentised the remedy, using a gall-stone for his preparations. Like many of the rest of the nosodes originally introduced by Swan, the work was necessarily empirical, yet he affirms after much experience that it is “almost a specific for gall-stone colic; relieves the distress at once.” And this after failure with Nux-v, Cinchona, Carduus, Podophyllum and other apparently well-selected remedies.6
Yingling reports some cures of gall-stone colic and other diseases of the liver in the Medical Advance, page 549, August, 1908.6
Yingling reports the following cases:
1st Case:
Attacks come suddenly and cease suddenly.
Pain is pushing in region of gall duct.
Marked acidity of stomach since last attack. No appetite; food nauseates.
Region of liver sore, sensitive to touch or jar, lying on the sides.6
2nd Case
Vomits bile and becomes very yellow.
Liver very sensitive and sore; pressure in front or behind very painful, worse in region of gall duct.
Bending or any sudden motion aggravates.
Cholesterinum 2M not only promptly relieved acute at-tacks, but has effected a practical cure.”6
Clarke says, it is found in the blood, in the brain, the yolk of eggs, seeds and buds of plants, but is most abundant in the bile and biliary calculi. It occurs in the form of crystals with a mother-of – pearl luster, and is fatty to the touch. It is soluble in both alcohol and ether.6
Ameke claimed to have derived great advantage from its use in cases diagnosed as cancer of the liver, or in such obstinate engorgements that malignancy was suspected.6
Burnett claims to have twice cured cancer of the liver with it, and “in hepatic engorgements that by reason of their intractable and slow yielding to well-selected remedies make one think interrogationally of cancer.” In such conditions where the diagnosis is in doubt, especially if the patient has been subjected to repeated attacks of biliary colic, Cholesterinum, he claims, is very satisfactory and at times its action even striking.6
- FEL TAURI (Ox-gall):
Increases the duodenal secretion, emulsifies fats and increases the peristaltic action of the intestines. Liquefies bile and acts as a purgative and chologogue, Disordered digestion, diarrhœa and pain in nape of neck are among its chief symptoms. Obstruction of gall ducts. Biliary calculi. Jaundice. 5
FEL TAURI (FEL.)
Zoological Name: Fel bovis
Family: Bovidae
Common Name : Ox gal4
Introduction-
Fel tauri was originally introduced in our Materia Medica by Dr Buchner. It is a rarely used medicine which was used in ancient time by the old school mostly as a purgative, for preventing putrefactive changes in the intestines and for increasing peristalsis. On the principle of similia similibus curentur, it is used for disorders of digestion, biliary calculi and pain in the nape of neck. It is sometimes given along with Opium to prevent constipating effect of that drug. It removes the tendency to sleep after eating.4
It increases the duodenal secretion, emulsifies fats and increases peristaltic action of intestines. It further liquefies bile and acts as a purgative and cholagogue. Disordered digestion, diarrhoea, headache, pain in joints, cramps and pain in nape of neck are among its chief symptoms.4
Source-
Fel tauri is prepared from the fresh bile obtained from the bovine gall bladder. It is brownish green or dark green in colour, viscid liquid, with characteristic disagreeable odour, bitter taste and soluble in water and ethanol.4
Preparation-
Dried bile, 100g, is triturated with 900 g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Fel tauri 1x of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration in accordance with the method mentioned in H.P.I., Vol.1; 6x may be converted to liquid 8x as per H.I., Vol. 1; 9x and higher potencies are prepared in dispensing alcohol.4
Proving-
Fel tauri was introduced and proved by Dr Buchner.4
Sphere of Action-
Gastrointestinal system (particularly gall bladder and liver), Endocrine system, Respiratory system.4
Clinical Conditions-
Bronchial asthma, Constipation, Cirrhosis of liver, Diabetes mellitus, Diarrhoea, Gallstones, Headache, Jaundice, Rheumatism.4
Characteristic Features-
1. A great tendency to sleep after eating.
2. Violent peristaltic movements producing gurgling and rumbling sounds in abdomen.
3. Odourless and tasteless eructation’s..
4. Tension in nape of neck.
5. Cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and its consequences.4
- LAC CANINUM:
(Dog’s Milk)
This remedy is of undoubted value in certain forms of sore throat and diphtheria, and rheumatism. Corresponds to a low-vitiated, non-feverish type of sickness. The keynote symptom is, erratic pains, alternating sides. Feels as if walking on air, or of not touching the bed when lying down, Great lassitude, Ozena, Decided effect in drying up milk in women who cannot nurse the baby, Great weakness and prostration, Sinking spells every morning, Mastitis.5
LAC CANINUM (LAC-C.)
Zoological Name: Canis familiaris
Family: Canidae
Common Name: Bitch milk4
Introduction-
The dogs are thought to have first been domesticated in the Middle East, Europe and Southeast Asia. In ancient civilizations, the dog was associated with death and the afterlife. The Old Testament despises the dog as unclean. Islam associates the dog with all those that are vile in creation-the symbol of greed and gluttony. Lac caninum is prepared from bitch milk. The bitch milk has 9,3% Fat, 9.5% protein, 3.7% lactose, 1.20% ash, and 20.7% total solids.4
Like Lachesis mutus, and many other well known polychrests in the Materia Medica, this medicine met with violent opposition out of ignorance. The milk of bitch was used medicinally in ancient times, mostly in connection with uterine troubles. It was successfully used by Dioscorides, Rhasis and Pliny in ancient times and Sextus recommended it for easy delivery. Sammonicus and Sextus recommended its use in photophobia, otitis and other affections of the eye and ear. Pliny claimed that it cured ulceration of the internal os. It was also used as an antidote to many deadly poisons. Dr Reisig of New York, while travelling in Europe, heard its utility as a medicine for throat diseases, and on his return used it successfully in an epidemic of malignant diphtheria. He drew the attention of Dr Bayard, Dr Wells and Dr Swan to its wonderful results during that epidemic, and encouraged them to give it a trial.4
Dr Reisig potentised it to 17C potency, from which the potencies of Dr Swan and Dr Fincke were prepared.4
Source-
Lac caninum is prepared from the milk of a lactating bitch, collected at least 15 days after parturition.4
Preparation-
Milk of lactating bitch, 100g, is triturated with 900 g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Lac caninum 1x of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration; 6x potency may be converted to liquid 8x.4
Proving-
The homeopathic profession is indebted to Dr Swan for its provings, which were made in 30C, 200C and higher potencies, and published in Dr Swan’s ‘Materia Medica of the Nosodes and Morbific Products’, 1888, arranged by Dr Berridge, from which it was reprinted in the Medical advance. After its provings, its effects have been clinically verified and confirmed.4
Sphere of Action-
Mind, Female genitalia, Gastrointestinal system, Musculoskeletal system, Skin, Upper respiratory tract.4
Clinical Conditions-
Amenorrhoea, Aphthae, Affections of eyes, ovaries, stomach, uterus, Cancrum oris, Cervical spondylitis, Chancre, Croup, Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Dysmenorrhoea, Eczema, Epulis, Forgetfulness, Fever, Gingivitis, Headache, Ichthyosis, Leucorrhoea, Lumbago, Mastitis, Neuralgia, Nocturnal enuresis, Rheumatism, Sciatica, Sore throat, Spinal irritation, Syphilis, Tonsilitis, Ulcers, Vaccinosis, Varicose veins, Warts.4
Characteristic Features-
1. Its most characteristic mental symptoms are: forgetfulness, depression, anxiety, restlessness and sensitivity, and fear of various kinds.
2. Patient is very forgetful, absent-minded, and lacks concentration.
3. Fear of being alone (Kalium carbonicum), dying (Arsenicum album), becoming insane Lilium tigrinum), falling downstairs (Borax veneta, Stannum metallicum, Sanicula aqua).
4. Alternation of sides and changeability (Kalium bichromicum, Pulsatilla pratensis) are the most characteristics of this remedy, e.g. in diphtheria, tonsillitis, rheumatism; in conditions of eyes, nose and ears; in pain, diarrhoea and eczema.
5. Shifting nature of complaints; shifting pain (Apis mellifica, Kalium bichromicum, Kalium sulphuricum, Kalmia latifolia, Lachesis mutus, Ledum palustre, Magnesium phosphoricum, Manganum, Pulsatilla pratensis, Tuberculinum).
6. Hyperaesthesia of skin and all parts of body; in diphtheria and tonsillitis, throat becomes exceedingly sensitive to touch (Lachesis mutus).
7. Chronic blue condition, everything seems dark (Lycopodium clavatum, Pulsatilla pratensis).
8. Shining glazed appearance of throat in diphtheria, chancres in syphilis and ulcers having glistening looks.
9. Breasts and throat become extremely sore and tender during menses; cannot bear jar, must hold breasts firmly when going up or downstairs.
10. Patient is very hungry, cannot eat enough; hungry feeling even after eating; faintness with sinking feeling in epigastrium
11. Feeling of lightness of body as if floating in air, without his fet touching the ground. While lying down, his body does not seem to touch the bed.
12. Whole spine is painful and very sensitive to touch and pressure
13. Violent palpitation while lying on left side, > lying on the right side.4
Constitution-
For nervous, restless, highly sensitive organisms.
Symptoms erratic, pains constantly flying from one part to another (Kali-bi, Puls.); changing from side to side every few hours or days.6
Mental Generals-
Very forgetful, absentminded; makes purchases and walks away without them (Agn., Anac., Caust., Nat-m.).
In writing, uses too many words or not the right ones; omits final letter or letters in a word; cannot concentrate the mind to read or study; very nervous (Bov., Graph., Lach., Nat-c., Sep.). Despondent, hopeless; thinks her disease incurable; has not a friend living; nothing worth living for; could weep at any moment (Aur., Calc., Cimic., Lach.).
Cross, irritable; child cries and screams all the time, especially at night (Jal., Nux-v., Psor.).
Fears to be alone (Kali-c.); of dying (Ars.); of becoming insane (Lil-t.); of falling down stairs (Borx.).
Chronic “blue” condition; everything seems so dark that it can grow no darker (Lyc., Puls.).
Attacks of rage, cursing and swearing at slightest provocation (Lil-t., Nit-ac.); intense ugliness; hateful.6
- LAC DEFLORATUM
(Skimmed Milk)
A remedy for diseases with faulty nutrition; sick headaches, with profuse flow of urine during pain. Car sickness.5
Mental Generals-
* Despondent; does not care to live; has no fear of death but it sure he is going to die.6
Physical Generals-
Diseases with faulty and defective nutrition with reflex affections of nervous centers.
Great restlessness, extreme and protracted suffering from loss of sleep (Cocc., Nit-ac.).
Feels completely exhausted, whether she does anything or not; great fatigue when walking.
Sensation: As if cold air was blowing on her, even while covered up; as if sheets were damp.
Dropsy: From organic heart disease; from chronic liver complaint; far advanced albuminuria; following intermittent fever.
Obesity; fatty degeneration.6
- OOPHORINUM:
(Ovarian Extract)
Suffering following excision of the ovaries. Climacteric disturbances generally. Ovarian cysts. Cutaneous disorders and acne rosacea. Prurigo.5
OOPHORINUM(OOPH.)
Zoological Name: Ovis aries; Bus indicus
Family: Bovidae
Synonym’: Ovary gland, Ovininum
Common Name: Ovarian extract4
Introduction-
The ovarian extract, from which Oophorinum is prepared, contains ostrogen, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Destrogen is produced from theca interna cells of ovarian follicles, corpus luteum of ovaries and from adrenal cortex. During pregnaney, it is released from placenta. It is transported in blood with plasma proteins, albumin and globulin. it is degraded mainly in liver. It promotes cellular proliferation and tissue growth in sexual organs. During childhood, its quantity is small but during puberty, its quantity sharply increases.4
Progesterone is produced in small quantity from theca interna cells of ovaries during first half of menstrual cycle and in large quantity during second half of menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, it is released from corpus luteum in 1st trimester and from placenta in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. It is transported in blood with plasma proteins albumin and globulin. It is degraded in liver.4
Progesterone is mainly concerned with final preparation of uterus for pregnancy and breasts for lactation.Follicle stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein having 210 amino acids released from gonadotropes of anterior pituitary.In males with testosterone, it accelerates spermeogenesis. In females, it causes development of Graffian follicles and secretion of ostrogen.4
Keeping in view of Dr Landau’s observations on the effect of Oophorinum on the nervous sufferings of woman at menopause, Dr E. Saalfeld prescribed Oophorinum for acne rosacea and other skin disorders during the climacteric period.4
Source-
Oophorinum is prepared from ovarian extract of sheep or cow.4
Preparation-
Ovarian extract, 100 g, is triturated with 900 g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Oophorinum Ix of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration. 6x may be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared in dispensing alcohol.4
Sphere of Action- Female genitalia. Skin.4
Clinical Conditions-
Acne rosacea, Climacteric disturbances, Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, Eczema, Epilepsy, Genitals, underdeveloped, Gout, Infertility, Menopausal syndrome, Ovarian cyst, Psoriasis.4
Characteristic Features-
- Climacteric disturbances including flushing and nervous sufferings.
- Skin disorders at climacteric. Complaints caused after oophorectomy.
- Complaints > during menses.
- Menses too early, clotted, and copious.4
- THYROIDINUM:
(Dried Thyroid Gland of the Sheep)
Thyroid produces anæmia, emaciation, muscular weakness, sweating, headache, nervous tremor of face and limbs, tingling sensations, paralysis. Heart rate increased, exophthalmus and dilatation of pupils. In myxodema and cretinism its effects are striking. Rheumatoid arthritis. Infantile wasting, Rickets.5
Delayed union of fractures. In half grain doses twice a day over a considerable period said to be effective in undescended testicle in boys. Thyroid exercises a general regulating influence over the mechanism of the organs of nutrition, growth and development. Thyroid weakness causes decided craving for large amount of sweets.5
Of use in psoriasis; and tachycardia. Arrested development in children. Improves the memory. Goitre. Excessive obesity. Acts better with pale patients, rather than those of high color. Amblyopia. Mammary tumor. Uterine fibroid. Great weakness and hunger, yet loses flesh. Nocturnal enuresis. Agalactea.5
Begin treatment early in pregnancy. Dose 1½ gr. 2 to 3 times daily. Vomiting of pregnancy (give early in morning before patient gets up), Fibroid tumors of the breast. 2x trit. Dilates arterioles. [Adrenalin contracts them.] Sensation of faintness and nausea. Marked sensitiveness to cold Hypothyroidism after acute diseases, i. e., weakness. Easy fatigue, weak pulse, tendency to fainting, palpitation, cold hands and feet, low blood pressure, chilliness and sensitive to cold. (Thyroid ix 3 times daily.) Has a powerful diuretic action in myxodema and various types of cdema. 5
THYROIDINUM (THYR.)
Zoological Name: Ovis aries
Family: Bovidae
Synonyms : Thyroidin, Thyroidea, Thyroid extract
Common Name : Thyroid dessicate4
Introduction-
The thyroid gland secretes two major hormones, triodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, commonly called I, and T respectively. Thyroid secretion is controlled by Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by anterior pituitary. The thyroid gland also secretes calcitonin, an important hormone for calcium metabolism.4
T, is otherwise known as thyroxine and it forms about 93% Of the total secretion, whereas T, is only 7%. But the potency of I, is four times more than that of T, There are mainly two types of thyroid disorders – hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In hyperthyroidism, there is increased secretion of thyroid hormones which is manifested with clinical symptoms like heat intolerance, increased perspiration, decrease in body weight, diarrhoea, muscular weakness, and nervousness or other psychic disorders, extreme fatigue, insomnia, tremor of hands, menstrual disturbances like oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea, exophthalmos, tachycardia, hypertension and cardiac failure. In hypothyroidism, there is decreased secretion of thyroid hormones. It leads to myxedema in adults and cretinism in children. In myxedema, there occurs swelling of the whole body, especially swelling of face and under the eyes, non-pitting edema, atherosclerosis, anaemia, fatigue, extreme somnolence, menorrhagia, increased body weight, constipation, mental sluggishness, dry flaky skin, husky voice and cold intolerance. In cretinism, the child is mentally retarded, skeletal growth is affected with stunted growth, bloated body, big tongue which hangs down with drooping of saliva.4
Source-
Thyroidinum is prepared from the thyroid gland of recently killed domestic sheep; dried, powdered and defatted by extraction with light petroleum and dried. The gland should be extracted from the recently killed sheep, cleaned and separated from the surrounding fatty tissue, dried carefully at a low temperature; then reduced to powder form. powder is yellow in colour with a mild peculiar odour. On incineration, it should not yield more than 6% of ash.4
Preparation-
Dried thyroid gland, 100g, is triturated with 900g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Thyroidinum Ix of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration; 6x to be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared in dispensing alcohol.4
Proving-
Following Hahnemannian method, proving was done by Dr M. Panos, Dr R. Rogers and Dr J. Stephenson, under the aegis of the Research Committee of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1963-64, using the double blind method, with potencies 12x, 30x, 200C and 1000C. Apart from proving symptoms, the sources of symptoms of the medicine were taken from toxicology and clinical experience.4
Sphere of Action-
Neuro-endocrine system. Cardiovascular system. Female genitalia. Skin. Gastrointestinal system.4
Clinical Conditions-
Abscess, Acromegaly, Amblyopia, Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Arthritis deformans, Basedow’s disease, Breast tumours, Chilblains, Constipation, Cretinism, Diarrhoea, Diffuse toxic goiter, Diuresis, Dropsy, Dysmenorrhoea, Eczema, Enuresis nocturna, Exophthalmic goiter, Fainting, Falling off hair, Fibroid uterus, Fractures, slow healing, Heart failure, Hysteria. Hystero-epilepsy, Ichthyosis, Idiocy, Leprosy, Menstrual disorders, Mania, Milk deficiency of, Myxoedema, Neurasthenia, Obesity, Oedema, Optic neuritis, Paralysis, Pernicious anaemia. Phthisis, Pityriasis rubra, Psoriasis, Puerperal epilepsy, Puerperal fever, Retarded growth and development, Rheumatism, Rheumatoid arthritis.4
Mental Generals-
Depression. Fretfulness and moroseness gave way to cheerfulness and ani-mation.
Delirium of persecution (three cases observed, one fatal, the result of taking Thyr. in tablets to reduce obesity).
Sudden acute mania occurring in myxedema, perfectly restored mentally and bodily under Thyr. Mental aberration dating three years before onset of myxedema subject to attacks of great violence, with intervals of depression and moroseness.
State of idiocy; fearful nightmares.
Very excited; excited state followed by considerable depression.
Irritable and ill-tempered. Became a tumbler. Angry. Had frights.6
Physical Generals-
Faintness, with great flushing of upper part of body and pains in back.
Swelling of face and legs.
Burning sensation of lips with free desquamation.
Frequent fainting fits.
Sensation of faintness and nausea.
Malaise > by lying in bed.
Rest in recumbent position > extreme breathlessness with liv-idity, felt as if dying.
Myxedematous patients are always chilly; the effect of the treatment is to make them less so.
Loss of consciousness and general tonic muscular spasm for a few seconds.
Fainting attacks (many cases).
Tremors, quivering of limbs, complete unconsciousness.
Tetany.
Epileptiform fit, after which he was unconscious for an hour; next day felt better and warmer.
Malaise so great she refused to continue the treatment.
Hysterical attack.
Hystero-epilepsy with amenorrhea.
Aching pains all over.
Aching pains in various parts of body.
Lost weight enormously (many cases of myxedema).
Anemia and debility.
Acromegaly, headache and subjective symptoms.
Fractures refuse to unite.
A peculiar cachexia more dangerous than myxedema itself.6
- CORTISONE (CORTISO.)
Chemical Formula: C21, H28,O5, C23H30O6
Molecular Weight: 340.44, 402.5
Synonyms: Adrenal cortex, Cortisone acetate, Cortisone monoacetate, Cortisonum4
Introduction-
Cortisone is one of the glucocorticoids released by adrenal cortex and is closely related to cortisol. Cortisone interferes with formation of granulation tissues, deposition of fibrin, and certain immune responses and allergic phenomena. It appears to inhibit the enzyme hyaluronidase and thus, to decrease cell permeability. The therapeutic role of cortisone and cortisol have been investigated in large number of diseases, such as collagenous, allergic, lymphatic and myelogenous diseases; ulcerative colitis, acute inflammatory eye disease, alcoholism with delirium tremens (korsakoff’s psychosis) and chronic nephrosis.4
Cortisone is prepared now-a-days synthetically from cortisone acetate. It is a white or creamy-white crystal or a crystalline powder; odourless; initially tasteless, followed by a persistent bitter taste; sparingly soluble in water as well as alcohol.4
Dr B. K. Sarkar has termed Adrenal cortex as an alternative name to Cortisone. Proving of this drug was conducted in 3x, 6x, 30C & 200C potencies, at the Homeopathic Drug Research Department of the Midnapore Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Midnapore (West Bengal), from April 1961 to November 1962. Interestingly, different sets of symptoms were reported by the provers on mind as well as physical spheres with different potencies.4
Source-
The homoeopathic medicine Cortisone is prepared from cortisone acetate.4
Preparation-
Cortisone acetate, 100 g, is triturated with sufficient quantity of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Cortisone 1x of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration. 6x may be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared with dispensing alcohol.4
Proving-
The Hahnemanmian proving of Cortisone was carried out in 1963 by Dr W. L. Templeton on 8 provers and 5 controls, using the potencies 6C, 12C and 30C, prepared by A. Nelson & Co. Ltd. from the substance supplied by Organon Ltd.4
Sphere of Action-
Endocrine system. Genitourinary system. Skin. Musculoskeletal system.4
Clinical Conditions-
Acne. Addison’s disease. Allergy. Alopecia. Amenorrhoea. Cataract. Cushing’s syndrome. Dementia. Depression. Diabetes mellitus. Dyspepsia. Enterocolitis. Heat stroke. Hypothyroidism. Lupus erythematosus. Migraine. Nephrotic syndrome.Osteoporosis. Osteonecrosis. Psoriasis. Styes. Sun stroke. Urticaria.4
Adaptability-
1. Psoric and allergic constitutions.
2. Tendency to obesity; subjects are fleshy, with round, puffy face (moon-faced) 4
Characteristic Features-
1. Patients look prematurely old or tendency to obesity, with retention of water.
2. Unstable mood, alternating between euphoria, melancholy, and excitement. Loss of will power.
3. Predominantly affects the left side.
4. Dryness of mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth,throat, pharynx and skin.
5. Canine hunger and excessive thirst.
6. Intolerance to milk and fat, which causes nausea.
7. Inability to perform arduous mental work which aggravates all the general conditions.
8. Complaints < in morning and from general heat, > in evening.4
- FOLLICULINUM (FOLL.):
Chemical Formula: C18H22O2
Molecular Weight: 270.4
Synonyms: Estrone, Oestrone, Folliculine, Keto-hydroxyestrin4
Introduction-
Folliculinum is commonly known as homeopathic ostrogen. It is made from oestrone, a synthetic form of oestrogen. It is in colourless crystals or white to creamy-white odourless powder; insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in acetone and in chloroform, slightly soluble in alcohol and in fatty oils. Ostrogens are secreted in significant quantities only by the ovaries, although minute amounts are also secreted by adrenal cortices. During pregnancy, large amounts of ostrogen are also secreted by the placenta. Three ostrogens are present in the plasma of human females: beta-oestradiol, estrone and estriol. The principal ostrogen secreted by ovaries is beta-ostradiol. The chief function of the ostrogen is to cause cellular proliferation and growth of tissues of the sex organs and other tissues related with reproduction.4
Dr O.A. Julian has mentioned about this drug in his book
‘Materia Medica of New Homeopathic Remedies’. He has added the clinical symptoms and experiences of the various authorities as well as his own observations. Dr L. de Mattos has done exhaustive clinical studies on this medicine, and has published her work in French. Dr Dorothy J. Cooper and Dr Melissa Assilem have published articles containing their own observations and clinical experiences, which can be referred for the study of this remedy.4
Source-
Folliculinum is made from ostrone, a synthetic form of oestrogen, secreted from ovarian follicles.4
Preparation-
The hormone ostrogen available as estrone in crystalline form, 100 g, is triturated with 900 g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Policulinum Ix of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration; 6x may be converted to liquid 8x; 9xand higher potencies are prepared with dispensing alcohol.4
Proving-
Although there has been no organized proving of Folliculinum in the traditional Hahnemannian method, millions of women have been proving it since the discovery of synthetic hormones in the 1940’s.4
Sphere of Action-
Female reproductive system. Neuro-endocrine system.Cardiovascular system. Hematopoietic system. Skin.4
Clinical Conditions-
Acne. Alopecia. Chronic acro-paresthesia. Chronic B. coli infections. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Constipation. Cystitis, recurrent. Delayed menses. Dysmenorrhoea. Eating disorders.Eczema. Fibroid uterus. Hay fever. Leucorrhoea. Mastitis.Menopausal complaints. Metrorrhagia. Myalgic encephalo-myelitis. Migraine. Obesity. Ovarian cyst. Poly-cystic ovarian disease. Post-partum depression. Pre-menstrual syndrome.Psychological complaints. Raynaud’s disease. Sterility. 4
Adaptability-
1. Folliculinum is suitable to those women who have been abused sexually, psychically or physically, either now or at any time in the past.
2. Folliculinum is used as a constitutional remedy for a state that a woman has reached as a result of estrogen abuse, e.g. prolonged use of birth control pills.
3. Suitable to women with a variety of menstrual, and other physical problems and emotional distress.
4. Folliculinum patient has acne on face, sweat on nose, swelling and oedema of the conjunctival tissues.4
Characteristic Features-
1. Adapted to women who put on weight without overeating or can get into compulsive eating and have huge food cravings, especially before periods. There can be both fat and water retention.
2. Suitable for women whose creativity has been blocked by a domineering parent or spouse, which leads to depression, anxiety, hypersensitivity and instability, panic attacks, dizziness and faintness.
3. For complaints of women who have been abused sexually, mentally or physically, particularly when the abuser was her loved one.
4. Complaints following prolonged use of contraceptive pills.
5. Pre-menstrual syndrome – swollen and painful breasts; migraine; nausea and vomiting; weepy, depressed, indecisive, panic attacks and mood swings. Complaints > with flow and from fresh air.
6. Irregularities of menses in every form; complaints < before menses and > after menses.
7. Alternate constipation and diarrhoea.
8. Craves sugar and wheat.
9. Fixed ideas of sexual nature.
10. When the indicated medicine does not respond due to extreme pressure or stress, as stated by Dr Dorothy J.Cooper 4
- INSULINUM (INS.):
Chemical Formula: C257 H383 N65 O77 S6
Molecular Weight: 5807.57
Common Name: Insulin4
Introduction-
Insulin is secreted by the -cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Synthesis of insulin occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum of ß-cells in the islets of Langerhans. It is an important hormone concerned with regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism and blood sugar level. Insulin secretion is mainly regulated by blood glucose level. In addition, other factors like amino acids (arginine and lysine), lipid derivatives (B-ketacid acetacetate), gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin and GIP), endocrine hormones (glucagon, growth hormone and cortisone) and autonomic nerve fibres (right vagus nerve) also stimulate insulin secretion. Regulation of blood glucose level is very essential because glucose is the only nutrient that is utilized for energy by many tissues like brain tissues, retina and germinal epithelium of the gonads. The blood sugar regulating mechanism is operated through liver and muscle by the influence of the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon. Many other hormones (growth hormone, thyroxine, cortisol and adrenaline) are also involved in the regulation of blood sugar level. Among all the hormones, insulin is the only hormone that reduces the blood sugar level and hence it is called anti-diabetogenic hormone. Deficiency of insulin leads to metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus characterized by high blood sugar level associated with varied manifestations. The hypersecretion of insulin is called hyperinsulinism which occurs due to the tumour of B cells in the islets of Langerhans characterized by hypoglycaemia, netyousness, tremor, sweating, convulsions, unconsciousness and ultimately coma due to damage of neurons.4
Source-
Insulinum is prepared from an aqueous solution of the active principle from the pancreas.4
Preparation-
Pure Insulin powder, 100g, is triturated with 900g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Insulinum 1x of Drug strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration; 6x may be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared with dispensing alcohol.4
Proving-
Short proving of Insulin 30 was reported at International Homoeopathic Congress, in Oct., 1977.4
Sphere of Action-
Endocrine system. Skin. Haemopoietic system. Gastrointestinal system.4
Clinical Conditions-
Acne. Boil. Carbuncles. CSOM. Chronic mastoiditis. Chronic diarrhoea. Diabetes mellitus. Dyspepsia. Eczema. Erythema.Gout. Glycosuria. Insulin, bad effects of. Intestinal TB. Liver disorders. Obstinate suppuration. Polyuria. Varicose ulcers.4
Characteristic Features-
1. Unusual craving for sweet.
2. Enlarged liver as a sequel of acute infectious diseases such as typhoid, pneumonia
3. Chronic diarrhoea where other medicines fail; the more chronic the diarrhoea, better indicated.
4. Glandular affections, especially tubercular, with suppuration and sinuses.
5. Marasmatic child with diarrhoea and other acute infectious disease along with its consequences.
6. Intractable eczema with allergic manifestation and chronic liver trouble.
7. Boils and varicose ulceration with polyuria.4
- ORCHITINUM (ORCH.):
Zoological Name: Ovis aries.
Family: Bovidae.
Common Names: Testicular extract, Spermin4
Introduction-
In old school practice, Orchitinum was used in the sequelae of ovariotomy, in debility, sexual weakness, and premature senile decay. The drug is prepared from the testicular extract of sheep or bull. The testicular extract contains testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH).4
The testes secrete several male sex hormones, which are collectively called androgens, including testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione.4
Testosterone stimulates the production of sperm and develops secondary sex characteristics at puberty. It also increases protein formation and muscle development due to its anabolic activity on proteins by accelerating transport of amino acids into the muscle cells, synthesis, storage and decreasing breakdown of proteins.Testosterone causes growth of hairs except on the top of the head and increases bone matrix, basal metabolic rate, number of red cells, thickness of the skin, protein formation and muscle development. It helps in the descent of testis in fetus.4
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein having 210 amino acids released from gonadotropes of anterior pituitary.4
In males, with testosterone, it accelerates spermeogenesis. In females, it causes development of graffian follicles and secretion of ostrogen.4
Luteinising Hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein having 233 amino acids, released from gonadotropes of anterior pituitary.4
In males, it causes stimulation of cells of Leydig to produce testosterone. In females, it is responsible for ovulation.4
Source-
Orchitinum is prepared from the extract of the testis of the sheep or bull.4
Preparation-
Extract of testis of sheep, 100 g, is triturated with 900 g of Saccharum lactis to make 1 kg of Orchitinum 1x of Drug Strength 1/10. 2x and higher potencies are prepared by trituration; 6x is to be converted to liquid 8x; 9x and higher potencies are prepared in dispensing alcohol.4
Clinical Conditions-
Climacteric complaints. Debility. Oligospermia. Ovariotomy, bad effects of. Menopause. Premature senility. Sexual weakness.4
Characteristic Features-
Orchitinum has been used in:
1. Climacteric sufferings
2. Senile decay and nervous breakdown.4
Conclusion: Homoeopathy is a holistic system of medicine which treats many incurable diseases by following its unique concepts using different sources of medicines. Sarcodes have a wide range of action providing innumerable indications to be used.
References:
1. Dr. D.D. Banerjee, Augmented Textbook of Homoeopathic Pharmacy. India, USA, Europe: B. Jain Publishers(P) Ltd; 2023.
2. Dr. M.K. Sahani, M.D. Principles and Practice of Homeopathic Pharmacy for Students includes practical experiments, Questions with answers, Self Assessments Questions. USA, Europe, India: B.Jain Publishers (p) Ltd; 2017.
3. Dr.Mandal Partha Pratim, Dr. Mandal Biman. A Textbook of Homeopathic Pharmacy. London, Hyderabad, Ernakulam, Bhubaneshwar, New Delhi, Kolkata, Pune, Guwahati: New Central Book Agency (p) Ltd; 2019.
4. Prof.Dr. Nayak Chaturbhuja, Dr. Brahmachari Smita, Dr. Ali Syed Afsar, Homeopathic Materia Medica of Sarcodes. USA, Europe, India: B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd; 2020.
5. Boericke William. Pocket Manual of Homeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory comprising of the characteristic and guiding symptoms of all remedies ( clinical and pathogenetic) including Indian Drugs. USA; Europe; India: B.Jain Publishers(P) Ltd, 2016.
6. Allen H.C, Allen’s keynotes rearranged and classified with leading remedies of the materia medica and bowel nosodes including Repertorial Index Tenth edition. USA; Europe; India: B.Jain Publishers (P) Ltd, 2017.
