ABSTRACT: Typhoid is the common monsoon disease prevailing , the disease that has wide variety of symptoms and complications , homoeopathy has a great role in treatment of typhoid .
INTRODUCTION
Typhoid an infectious disease spread by dirty water and food, causing a high bodytemperature, red spots on the upper body, severe pains in the bowels, and sometimes death.[1]
HISTORY OF TYPHOID DISEASE
Mary Mallon was born in Ireland and emigrated to the United States n 1883 or 1884
Who was a cook , she was supposed to spread typhoid. And popularly know as’ typhoid mary’.[2]
EPIDEMIOLOGY
WHO estimates the global typhoid fever disease burden at 11-20 million cases annually, resulting in about 128 000–161 000 deaths per year.[3]
CAUSES
Typhoid is caused by the bacteria S. typhi and spread through food, drinks, and drinking water that are contaminated with infected fecal matter.Some people are asymptomatic carriers of typhoid, meaning that they harbor the bacteria but suffer no ill effects. Others continue to harbor the bacteria after their symptoms have gone. Sometimes, the disease can appear again.[4]
CLINICAL FEATURES
Incubation period is about 14 days but can vary to 3 weeks , the most constant symptoms are fever and headache. The fever is usually gradual and rigors are unusual the fever increases day by day in the first week. The pulse rate is relatively slow. Other symptoms include abdominal pain , constipation, diarrhoea, deafness and cough.The physical signs include fever, disprortionately slow pulse, hepatomegaly , splenomegaly mental changes, signs of bronchitis, rose spots, deafness and meneingism.[5]
COMPLICATONS
The most severe complication of typhoid fever is the development of perforation in the intestine, which can lead to the contents of the intestine leak into the abdominal cavity. It may also result in internal bleeding. Other less common complications include:
Myocarditis, Endocarditis, Pancreatitis, Pneumonia, Kidney or Bladder infections, Meningitis
Psychiatric symptoms such as delirium, hallucinations, and psychosis.[6]
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Abdominal abscess, appendicitis, brucellosis, dengue, influenza, leishmaniosis, malaria, rickettsial diseases, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, tularemia, typhus, diarrhea due to multiple agents.[7]
INVESTIGATIONS
1. Blood Culture
2. Widal Reaction: In regard to the Widal test, it should be remembered that in some cases of typhoid fever, “H” (flagellar) agglutinins do not develop in the blood, while “O” (somatic) agglutinins may be present in relatively high titer. Also, the proportion of cases in which “O” agglutinins develop is much higher (we do not know why) in some communities than in others. Felix and Pitt” explained why many virulent strains of typhoid fever do not agglutinate with an “O” antigen.[8]
DIET AND REGEMEN
A high-calorie diet is recommended for those with typhoid fever. High-calorie foods include pasta, white rice, potatoes, white bread, bananas and fruit juice.
Do’s – Drink more water( Min 6-8 glass), Drink boiled and properly filtered water
Have boiled food.Include good quality proteins(eggs, meat paste, fish, poultry) in properly cooked form.Keep taking the prescribed antibiotics for as long as the doctor has asked you to take them.Peel off the skin before eat.
Dont’s – Avoid handling food or any other household things if there is a risk of spreading the disease.Don’t go for heavy meals, split your heavy meals and do frequent small meals.Avoid high fiber foods.[9]
HOMOEOPATHIC APPROCH TOWARDS TYPHOID
3Mark remedies from murphy’s repertory for typhoid
FEVER
TYPHOID , fever, Salmonella
Ars, bapt, bry, carb- veg, chin, colch, gels, hyos, lach, merc, mur-ac, phos, rhust.[10]
TIPS BY POINNERS OF HOMOEOPATHY FOR TYPHOID FEVERS
Antipsoric remedies for typhoid as per Dr.E.B Nash – sulphur, calcarea, lycopodium, silicia. [11]
Dr.W.A Dewey
Baptisia – unusual foetidity ,bedsotted expression, mental depression .
Rhustox – early stage with restlessness brown tounge muscular sorness, muttering delirium. Patient is usually having diahorrea.
Bryoniaalba – great sornesstirred feeling patient is usually having constipation.
Arnica – bruised feeling , stupor , indifference, involuntary stool and urine.
Arsenicum album – terrible prostration with irritability and anxiety , cold sweat and delirium.
Carbo veg – lies pulseless and cold feet and legs , the patient want to be fanned cold extremities.
Muruatic acid – great weakness , foetor breath and ulceration of mucous memberane.[12]
Dr.Raibahadurbishambar das
Phosphorous – typhoid complicated with pneumonia .
Hyoscamus – typoid with low delirium and muscular twitching
Abisinthum – sleeplessness in typhoid fever and congestion of base of brain.[13]
BIBILIOGRAPHY
1.https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/typhoid-fever
2. Soper GA. The curious career of Typhoid Mary. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1939;15:698–712 [PubMed]
3.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/typhoid
4.https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156859.php
5.Lecture notes on tropical medicine . Dion R.Bell
6. www.rxdx.in/typhoid-fever
7. www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents
8.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512954/
9. https://www.lybrate.com/topic/typhoid-diet-chart
10.Homoeopathic medical repertory by Robin Murphy 3rd revised edition. B.Jain publishers (P)Ltd. Page 855.
11. Leaders in typhoid . Dr.E.B Nash.
12.Dr.W.A Dewey . pratical homoeopathic therapeutics.
13.Dr.Raibahadurbishambar das – select your remedy
About Author:
Dr.Amrutha Manoharan
B.H.M.S, M.D(Hom.), DIPLOMA in YOGA
