What is Breech Presentation?
In a breech presentation, a baby is positioned in the womb with their buttocks or feet first, rather than their head. This occurs in approximately 3-4% of pregnancies nearing their full term. This less common positioning can lead to complications during labor and delivery, prompting a closer examination of the various types of breech presentation and associated factors.
Types of Breech Presentation
Several types of breech presentation exist, each distinguished by the baby’s positioning within the uterus. These include:
Complete Breech: The baby’s legs are crossed, and their buttocks are closest to the cervix.
Frank Breech: The baby’s legs are extended upward towards their head, with their buttocks presenting at the cervix.
Footling Breech: One or both of the baby’s feet are positioned first, closest to the cervix.
Understanding these differences is crucial in determining the best course of management for each specific case.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact causes of breech presentation are often unclear, but several factors may increase the risk, including:
Prematurity: Babies born prematurely have a higher chance of being in a breech position.
Uterine abnormalities: Structural issues within the uterus may affect fetal positioning.
Multiple pregnancies: The presence of more than one fetus can restrict space, impacting positioning.
Polyhydramnios: Excess amniotic fluid can allow more movement, potentially leading to a breech position.
Previous breech pregnancies: Women who have had previous breech births are at increased risk of having another. Identifying and addressing these risk factors can play a key role in preventative measures.
