Treatment of Acute Cases and Chronic Cases by Homeopathy

Treatment Of Acute Cases And Chronic Cases By Homoeopathy

As homoeopaths we properly give our chief consideration to the selection of the correct remedy for the cure of any individual case of disease . but however accurately we may select the remedy , it will prove of little value unless properly administered . it is a safe statement to make , that more cases are spoiled by improper repetition of the remedy than through any other cause , and the purpose of this short paper is to restate the rules that must guide us and elicit the views of the members of this congress on this important subject

Much as all those who accept the master law of similia similibus curantur differ with regard to the following

Viz- that whenever the remedy has produced a positive effect , no repetition is permissible until that action has spent itself

Two theories have been put for forward to explain the action of remedies in a homoeopathic cure viz; a] Hahnemann’s ; that the remedy excites a contrary but stronger disease than the rural one , so extinguishing the latter and 2] the more modern theory ; that the remedy causes a reaction on the part of nature , which reaction on the part of nature , which reaction is the true cause of the cure . but let the theoretical explanation be what it may , the fact remains , that in some way or other the remedy restores the equilibrium of the bodily forces

In our endeavors to restore the equilibrium , gret care must excercised that we do not over do things and add unneccerily to the sufferings of the patient; but in more critical case simproper repetition may make all the difference between life and death . that this is true will be borne out by all who have had any lengthened experience in homoeopthic prescribing , when they recall cases , where , through errors in judgement and above all through excessive zeal , in their anxiety to hasdten the cure they have by too hasty repetition turned back the flowing tide , and converted  what seemed certain victory into disaster

To turn the practical application of this law we find , as is the case with most natural laws , that here also , while the theory is simple , the application is at times exccedingly difficult . in the first place we shall , I think , find it convenient to look at two aspects viz; the primaty and secondary , each of which requires diferrent consideration

After a remedy has been exhibited in any case , be it an acute or a chronic one , we have always , when considering three questios

1] have selected the proper remedy ?

2] have we chosen the proper potency ?

3] how long a period must be allowed for the manifestation of a positive action ?

this article has nothing to do with the first and will only allude later to the second , and at this stage we shall consider only the last

ELEMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED

It is obvious that the duration of this period will vary within very wide limits , according to to whether we are dealing wita cute , sub acute or chronic diseases and also that many other factors must be taken into consideration in determining the time that for the manifestation of this action

In many ordinary acute disease , the period that is required for a positive action to show itself will as a rule , be of short duration , sometimes the action is almost instantaneous and the improvement , as experienced by the patient and observable by the physician is so sharply defined that in this class of cases there will be little difficulty in deciding when to stop the remedy

But even in acute diseases we can not always expect the positive action to show itself in this prompt manner . for such disease differ largely in regard to intensity of suffering , in plane of action , and also in what may be called their normal duration

Patients also vary greatly in their responsiveness to remedies – some being ,over sensitive and promptly and involuntarily proving every remedy they receive , whilst in others the reaction is very slow , we must accordingly vary our tactics , in each class , though it must be confessed that in dealing with a case for the first time , it is not easy to determine how to classify the patient . A very similar condition of affairs is observable with regard to the causation of acute disease . of two persons exposed – say to a cold wind –at the same time and under exactly similar condition . one will variably sicken within a few hours while his companion may feel nothing wrong for eight hours

The rapidity 0f response to the remedy

Another factor of importance in this connection is the sphere of action of the disease and the selected remedy . when we are able to select the simillinum or a near simile , then the rapidity of response will as a rule be normal . but if it is possible only to select a remedy whose sphere of action very partially coincides with that of the disease , the positive action will not be induced so easily

The pace of the disease also profoundly influences the rapidity with which response manifests itself . in very violent diseases with severe suffering such as neuralgia –the positive action will , as a rule , manifest itself very quickly , for from the very nature and pace of such a disease we expect suddenness of onset and comparative briefness of duration . in such cases a single dose may be all that is needed , though of course it is at times necessary to repeat the remedy frequently

In an acute crisis , it is very difficult to differentiate between the anxiety remedies , it is important to find the “ color “ of the remedy in order to differentiate . the first question should be to ascertain how strong and how frequent the attacks are

Now I shall discuss a few of our most commonly indicated remedies which are often called for in treating these maladies

1] aconite –this remedy is chiefly useful in acute cases where disease has been caused by over heating or some violent emotional  disturbance as after a great fright , joy or anger and with the mental we find an exalted condition of the general circulation almost certainly this remedy should never be given in cases where the sick ness or suffering is borne with calmness and patience , on the contrary , if aconite is to be even thought of , we will find mental uneasiness , worry , or fear , accompanying the most vital ailment . the more thoroughly this state of mind exists , the more surely aconite will be indicated . there is great and great fear , accompanying the most trival ailment

the more thoroughly this state of mind exists , the more surely aconite will be indicated , there is great and uncontrollable anguish , the more surely aconite will be indicated . there is great and great fear to go out of the house of darkness of a crowd to cross the street , of approaching death and being alone , predicts the day , even the hour of his death , confusion of mind , weakness of memory , unsteadiness of ideas and disinclination for mental labor , variable humor at one time gay , at another sad , sleeplessness or sleep disturbed by unpleasant dream . the anxiety attacks are worse at twilight .In the west we tryto control all our emotions , so we may not see the full blown attack of aconite , but there is a sense of tremendous turmoil inside

the attacks are not frequent but come suddenly and strongly with an over whwlming panic , palpitations and flushes of heat like a storm that come from inside with the feeling that he is about to die . the anxiety is like an earthquake erupting from inside , there may even be a delusion , that the ceiling is moving up and down as in earthquake . the fright on the face is terrible to see agonizing

there may have been a causative factor (e.g., a frightening experience , earth quake et., ) the panic attacks are very impressive ,with the feeling of imminent death . there is a great fear of closed places and crowds and panic attacks (like argentums nitricum )

an aconite patient will not be found any where near demonstrations

there is a fitful mood changing from excessive physical unrest . depressed but compare one thing to another , now full of mirth actively careless of the future ; intense cerebraland in a few moments disposed to congestion with a face flushed to a purple hue weep and a great mental anxiety and hot or it is cold with a pale bluish cast ; has fearful of the future . terribly a dry hot mouth which feels scalded apprehensive of approaching death ., face is flushed bright red or is pale with moderate congestion , thirst is moderate , nausea , retches and vomits profusely , muscles relaxed , has muscular twitchings , restless , constantly changes his position

great thirst and gulps water eagerly

ARSENICUM ALBUM

It is one of our most valued remedies and is especially indicated where the mental condition has been produced by causes which have greatly exhausted and debilitated the patient’s general condition , as from anxiety overwork , loss of sleep and a diseased condition of the mucous membrane generally and particularly of the stomach , thus preventing the proper digestion and assimilation of food

The mental symptoms show in the beginning , anxious restlessness and from this a a continuation towards delirium and even insanity , with all that it involves , he thinks he must die , even the patient expresses to the physician that there is no use of your coming and it is useless to take the medicine , I am going to die . excessive anguish with irresistible desire to commit suicide .. we should not forget this remedy

KALI ARSENICUM

This anxiety revolves around the heart , the patient may present with a slight functional problem ( i., an arrhythmia ) there is often a sense of loss I am finished , I am dying , this is similar to arsenicum but more malignant . In can look loke arsenicum but with more frequent and intense panics

He does not need some one around like arsenicum , instead he prefers to be alone , in a deep crisis he may telephone some one just to hear a voice and to know he is still alive . He won’t tell you out right about his anxiety .

IGNATIA AMARA

Ignatia is another one of the long list of our marvelous remedies . it’s peculiar mental symptoms , like those of the long list of our marvelous remedies . its peculiar mental symptoms , like those of the aconite , chamomilla , nuxvomica and many others , are most characteristic . It has in it a marked element of sadness and disposition to silent grieving ; any one suffering from suppressed grief with long drawn sighs , much sobbing , inclined to smother or hide her grief from others , she desires to be alone with her grief

Another equally characteristic state of mind is changeable mood . no remedy can equal ignatia for this

NATRUM MURIATICUM

It is one of our best remedies in various mental disorders and is often required for the chronic effects on mind when ignatia apparently well indicated but fails to effect a complete cure . natrum mur is a chronic of and complementary to ignatia in these cases

Depression of spirits is characteristic of this drug , the patient is sad and weeps much , like pulsatilla patient is soothed and comforted by consolation , while the natrm mur patient is aggravated , consolation aggravates the complaints of natrum mur patient and fluttering of the heart follows . It affords relief to patients given to much crying ; this continuous weeping being of the open kind

There is a tremendous underlying anxiety about health ( i.e., that he will have a stroke or be left invalid ) this anxiety is not openly expressed , but he becomes persistent (always wanting his blood pressure checked “ are you sure it’s normal ? it is used to be ) . he will not voice his anxiety for fear of ridicule , he becomes hypochondriacal , always telephoning the doctor , but never reassured

PHOSPOROUS ;

These are nice people to see during their anxiety attacks ! the attack is not so intense but it is accompanied by a fear of death or an incurable disease . the anxiety subsides rapidly with talking , she is convinced about your skills and gives you her trust , she stays loyal and does not go off to other practitioners , she talks about her friends who are not well and about what you can do to help etc., ( arsenicum patients will only talk about themselves )

NITRIC ACID

There is a constant anxiety which is parallel only to agaricus . the anxiety is associated with a fear that some terrible disease is developing . he won’t voice his fear outright but will ask for tests every 3 months and he will frequently change doctors to compare opinions , he finds lots of little things to complain about , and no matter what you say , he still believes it’s cancer , these are the nagging and complaining patients that eventually get on your nerves  

GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS;

It is  one of the favorite remedies and it occupies a place between aconite and belladonna . It has cataleptic immobility with dilated pupils , closed eyes , but conscious , desires to be alone . depression of spirits anxiety or solicitude about the present mental exertions cause a sense of hoplessness  from brain weakness , inability to attend to anything requiring thought ; attacks brought on from bad news . Generally a feeling of fullness in the head , throbbing carotids and melancholic stages and is a valuable remedy .

DIGITALIS PURPURA

This drug although little known as a remedy in mental disorders , is in reality of the greatest importance , it’s chief indication is a slow pulse , whenever a case is found of mental disease of whatever form , presenting this symptom attended by a general appearance of exhaustion and debility a prompt and satisfactory improvement is sure to follow the exhibition of digitalis

Great anxiety , depression and dread of the future with sadness and weeping , worse about 6 pm and is aggravated by music ; morose , irritable and gloomy , weakness of memory and mind dull , stupid and confused .

LACHESIS TRIGONO CEPHALISCEPHALIS

Lachesis although , not lost frequently demanded as many other remedies , is at times useful in melancholic , hysterical females near the climacteric period or in mania attended by excessive talkativeness , it has depression , with a tendency to look constantly on the dark side , nightly fear of disease , death , robbers , mistrust and suspicion with fear of being poisoned ; peevish , irritable and quarrelsome with a mental activity with excessive loquacity , wandering constantly from one subject to another , memory weak , confused and difficulty in listening to others ; restless sleep with aggravation of symptoms on awaking .

ANACARDIM ORIENTALE;

This is a remedy , which although not frequently called for , is very valuable in some cases

There are but few remedies in the entire material medica having such great weakness of , or impaired memory , it often cures the patient of all other troubles ; hypocondriasis ; feels as though she has two wills , one commanding to do what the other forbids , imagines she hears voices of persons from far away , unsociability , aversion to society ; at times almost a demented condition very irritable , easily offended , abusive , passionate and contradictory , does all sorts of foolish things in a clumsy way , almost as if under the influence of liquor .

AURUM METALLICUM

This remedy is best suited to male subjects , especially such as have a loathing of life or a suicidal tendency , they are melancholy , fearful , taciturn and sullen , it fear also embraces a religious melancholy with vertigo , anaemia and vascular and nervous depression . it is found very use ful in cases cases of suicidal melancholy , in connection with the climacteric , especially when there is great dislike to seeing man and desire to be alone ; also great irritability all the symptoms are at the full of the moon

Aurum has the following characterstic , disgust of life , suicidal tendency , melancholy , imagines he is unfit for the world and longs for death which he contemplates with delight ; great anguish mania prays all the time ; loss of confidence in oneself .

STAPHISAGRIA

This remedy according to Berjeau , , may be employed when there is hypocondriasis resulting from long continued masturbation with great taciturnity , constant uneasiness as to the state of oneself , anxious , imagination , imaginary fears , queernotions , that expose the patient to suspicion of being thought crazy ; when the memory is weak and confused and there is giddiness and sleepiness , the eyes are deep , sunken , red and lusterless . there is continued loss of prostatic fluid and the sexual desire is impaired ; when mind has been dwelling too much on sexual subjects , the penis is relaxed with dull and contrusive pain in the testicles . Dr.Hart says this remedy takes high rank in all cases of hypocondriasis attended with seminal emissions . weakness of the lower extremities and great prostration of mind and body ; the result of having lived a disordered life

SEPIA

 The patient is nervous , very irritable ; indifferent towards those she loves best ; sensitive to the least noise , sadness ,worrying about her health and the future , with frequent attacks of weeping < in the evening and in the open air ; fits of of involuntary laughter or weeping , indisposition for mental work , with weak memory and difficulty in expressing her ideas . restless ,sleep disturbed by anxious dreams , awaking in a fright ,

Sepia and lilium tig , find find an important place in the treatment of depressed and irritable females . the troubles of such cases , originate largely in the mal-performance of duty on the part of the generative organs . both of them are full of apprehensions and manifest much anxiety for their own welfare

STAPHISAGRIA

this remedy , according to Berjeau may be employed when there is hypocondriasis resulting from long continued masturbation with great taciturnity , constant uneasiness as to the state of oneself , anxious imagination , imaginary fears that expose the patient to suspicion of being thought crazy ; when the memory is weak and confused and there is giddiness and sleepiness , the eyes are deep sunken , red and lusterless , there is continued loss of prostatic fluid and the sexual desire is impaired , which does not in reality exist the lilium  patient is sensitive , tending too often to hysteria , she quite readily and speedily recovers , much to her own surprise as well as that of her friends , who have been made to feel by the patient that her case was hopeless , the sepia patient is sad , despairing , some times suicidal and greatly averse to work or exercise . that is however oftentimes a good reason In an acute crisis , it is very difficult to differentiate between the anxiety remedies , it is important to find the “ color “ of the remedy in order to differentiate . the first question should be to ascertain how strong and how frequent the attacks are

Now I shall discuss a few of our most commonly indicated remedies which are often called for in treating these maladies

1] aconite –this remedy is chiefly useful in acute cases where disease has been caused by over heating or some violent emotional  disturbance as after a great fright , joy or anger and with the mental we find an exalted condition of the general circulation almost certainly this remedy should never be given in cases where the sick ness or suffering is borne with calmness and patience , on the contrary , if aconite is to be even thought of , we will find mental uneasiness , worry , or fear , accompanying the most vital ailment . the more thoroughly this state of mind exists , the more surely aconite will be indicated . there is great and great fear , accompanying the most trival ailment

the more thoroughly this state of mind exists , the more surely aconite will be indicated , there is great and uncontrollable anguish , the more surely aconite will be indicated . there is great and great fear to go out of the house of darkness of a crowd to cross the street , of approaching death and being alone , predicts the day , even the hour of his death , confusion of mind , weakness of memory , unsteadiness of ideas and disinclination for mental labor , variable humor at one time gay , at another sad , sleeplessness or sleep disturbed by unpleasant dream . the anxiety attacks are worse at twilight .In the west we tryto control all our emotions , so we may not see the full blown attack of aconite , but there is a sense of tremendous turmoil inside

the attacks are not frequent but come suddenly and strongly with an over whwlming panic , palpitations and flushes of heat like a storm that come from inside with the feeling that he is about to die . the anxiety is like an earthquake erupting from inside , there may even be a delusion , that the ceiling is moving up and down as in earthquake . the fright on the face is terrible to see agonizing

there may have been a causative factor (e.g., a frightening experience , earth quake et., ) the panic attacks are very impressive ,with the feeling of imminent death . there is a great fear of closed places and crowds and panic attacks (like argentums nitricum )

an aconite patient will not be found any where near demonstrations

there is a fitful mood changing from excessive physical unrest . depressed but compare one thing to another , now full of mirth actively careless of the future ; intense cerebraland in a few moments disposed to congestion with a face flushed to a purple hue weep and a great mental anxiety and hot or it is cold with a pale bluish cast ; has fearful of the future . terribly a dry hot mouth which feels scalded apprehensive of approaching death ., face is flushed bright red or is pale with moderate congestion , thirst is moderate , nausea , retches and vomits profusely , muscles relaxed , has muscular twitchings , restless , constantly changes his position

great thirst and gulps water eagerly

ARSENICUM ALBUM

It is one of our most valued remedies and is especially indicated where the mental condition has been produced by causes which have greatly exhausted and debilitated the patient’s general condition , as from anxiety overwork , loss of sleep and a diseased condition of the mucous membrane generally and particularly of the stomach , thus preventing the proper digestion and assimilation of food

The mental symptoms show in the beginning , anxious restlessness and from this a a continuation towards delirium and even insanity , with all that it involves , he thinks he must die , even the patient expresses to the physician that there is no use of your coming and it is useless to take the medicine , I am going to die . excessive anguish with irresistible desire to commit suicide .. we should not forget this remedy

KALI ARSENICUM

This anxiety revolves around the heart , the patient may present with a slight functional problem ( i., an arrhythmia ) there is often a sense of loss I am finished , I am dying , this is similar to arsenicum but more malignant . In can look loke arsenicum but with more frequent and intense panics

He does not need some one around like arsenicum , instead he prefers to be alone , in a deep crisis he may telephone some one just to hear a voice and to know he is still alive . He won’t tell you out right about his anxiety .

IGNATIA AMARA

Ignatia is another one of the long list of our marvelous remedies . it’s peculiar mental symptoms , like those of the long list of our marvelous remedies . its peculiar mental symptoms , like those of the aconite , chamomilla , nuxvomica and many others , are most characteristic . It has in it a marked element of sadness and disposition to silent grieving ; any one suffering from suppressed grief with long drawn sighs , much sobbing , inclined to smother or hide her grief from others , she desires to be alone with her grief

Another equally characteristic state of mind is changeable mood . no remedy can equal ignatia for this

NATRUM MURIATICUM

It is one of our best remedies in various mental disorders and is often required for the chronic effects on mind when ignatia apparently well indicated but fails to effect a complete cure . natrum mur is a chronic of and complementary to ignatia in these cases

Depression of spirits is characteristic of this drug , the patient is sad and weeps much , like pulsatilla patient is soothed and comforted by consolation , while the natrm mur patient is aggravated , consolation aggravates the complaints of natrum mur patient and fluttering of the heart follows . It affords relief to patients given to much crying ; this continuous weeping being of the open kind

There is a tremendous underlying anxiety about health ( i.e., that he will have a stroke or be left invalid ) this anxiety is not openly expressed , but he becomes persistent (always wanting his blood pressure checked “ are you sure it’s normal ? it is used to be ) . he will not voice his anxiety for fear of ridicule , he becomes hypochondriacal , always telephoning the doctor , but never reassured

PHOSPOROUS ;

These are nice people to see during their anxiety attacks ! the attack is not so intense but it is accompanied by a fear of death or an incurable disease . the anxiety subsides rapidly with talking , she is convinced about your skills and gives you her trust , she stays loyal and does not go off to other practitioners , she talks about her friends who are not well and about what you can do to help etc., ( arsenicum patients will only talk about themselves )

NITRIC ACID

There is a constant anxiety which is parallel only to agaricus . the anxiety is associated with a fear that some terrible disease is developing . he won’t voice his fear outright but will ask for tests every 3 months and he will frequently change doctors to compare opinions , he finds lots of little things to complain about , and no matter what you say , he still believes it’s cancer , these are the nagging and complaining patients that eventually get on your nerves  

GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS;

It is  one of the favorite remedies and it occupies a place between aconite and belladonna . It has cataleptic immobility with dilated pupils , closed eyes , but conscious , desires to be alone . depression of spirits anxiety or solicitude about the present mental exertions cause a sense of hoplessness  from brain weakness , inability to attend to anything requiring thought ; attacks brought on from bad news . Generally a feeling of fullness in the head , throbbing carotids and melancholic stages and is a valuable remedy .

DIGITALIS PURPURA

This drug although little known as a remedy in mental disorders , is in reality of the greatest importance , it’s chief indication is a slow pulse , whenever a case is found of mental disease of whatever form , presenting this symptom attended by a general appearance of exhaustion and debility a prompt and satisfactory improvement is sure to follow the exhibition of digitalis

Great anxiety , depression and dread of the future with sadness and weeping , worse about 6 pm and is aggravated by music ; morose , irritable and gloomy , weakness of memory and mind dull , stupid and confused .

LACHESIS TRIGONO CEPHALISCEPHALIS

Lachesis although , not lost frequently demanded as many other remedies , is at times useful in melancholic , hysterical females near the climacteric period or in mania attended by excessive talkativeness , it has depression , with a tendency to look constantly on the dark side , nightly fear of disease , death , robbers , mistrust and suspicion with fear of being poisoned ; peevish , irritable and quarrelsome with a mental activity with excessive loquacity , wandering constantly from one subject to another , memory weak , confused and difficulty in listening to others ; restless sleep with aggravation of symptoms on awaking .

ANACARDIM ORIENTALE;

This is a remedy , which although not frequently called for , is very valuable in some cases

There are but few remedies in the entire material medica having such great weakness of , or impaired memory , it often cures the patient of all other troubles ; hypocondriasis ; feels as though she has two wills , one commanding to do what the other forbids , imagines she hears voices of persons from far away , unsociability , aversion to society ; at times almost a demented condition very irritable , easily offended , abusive , passionate and contradictory , does all sorts of foolish things in a clumsy way , almost as if under the influence of liquor .

AURUM METALLICUM

This remedy is best suited to male subjects , especially such as have a loathing of life or a suicidal tendency , they are melancholy , fearful , taciturn and sullen , it fear also embraces a religious melancholy with vertigo , anaemia and vascular and nervous depression . it is found very use ful in cases cases of suicidal melancholy , in connection with the climacteric , especially when there is great dislike to seeing man and desire to be alone ; also great irritability all the symptoms are at the full of the moon

Aurum has the following characterstic , disgust of life , suicidal tendency , melancholy , imagines he is unfit for the world and longs for death which he contemplates with delight ; great anguish mania prays all the time ; loss of confidence in oneself .

STAPHISAGRIA

This remedy according to Berjeau , , may be employed when there is hypocondriasis resulting from long continued masturbation with great taciturnity , constant uneasiness as to the state of oneself , anxious , imagination , imaginary fears , queernotions , that expose the patient to suspicion of being thought crazy ; when the memory is weak and confused and there is giddiness and sleepiness , the eyes are deep , sunken , red and lusterless . there is continued loss of prostatic fluid and the sexual desire is impaired ; when mind has been dwelling too much on sexual subjects , the penis is relaxed with dull and contrusive pain in the testicles . Dr.Hart says this remedy takes high rank in all cases of hypocondriasis attended with seminal emissions . weakness of the lower extremities and great prostration of mind and body ; the result of having lived a disordered life

SEPIA

 The patient is nervous , very irritable ; indifferent towards those she loves best ; sensitive to the least noise , sadness ,worrying about her health and the future , with frequent attacks of weeping < in the evening and in the open air ; fits of of involuntary laughter or weeping , indisposition for mental work , with weak memory and difficulty in expressing her ideas . restless ,sleep disturbed by anxious dreams , awaking in a fright ,

Sepia and lilium tig , find find an important place in the treatment of depressed and irritable females . the troubles of such cases , originate largely in the mal-performance of duty on the part of the generative organs . both of them are full of apprehensions and manifest much anxiety for their own welfare

STAPHISAGRIA

this remedy , according to Berjeau may be employed when there is hypocondriasis resulting from long continued masturbation with great taciturnity , constant uneasiness as to the state of oneself , anxious imagination , imaginary fears that expose the patient to suspicion of being thought crazy ; when the memory is weak and confused and there is giddiness and sleepiness , the eyes are deep sunken , red and lusterless , there is continued loss of prostatic fluid and the sexual desire is impaired , which does not in reality exist the lilium  patient is sensitive , tending too often to hysteria , she quite readily and speedily recovers , much to her own surprise as well as that of her friends , who have been made to feel by the patient that her case was hopeless , the sepia patient is sad , despairing , some times suicidal and greatly averse to work or exercise . that is however oftentimes a good reason

About the author

Dr B.S Suvarna

B.A, D.I.Hom[Lond.], M.I.H, PhD, PGDPC (Psychotherapy & Counselling, USA)
HOMOEO PHYSICIAN
MAMTHA HOMOEO CLINIC
Jeevan Shanthi
KALYAN NAGAR BYPASS ROAD.
Karnataka State, India
CHICKMAGALUR